Identification and use of cytochrome P450 nucleic acid sequences from tobacco

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to P450 enzymes and nucleic acid sequences encoding P450 enzymes in plants, more specifically tobacco, and methods of using those enzymes and nucleic acid sequences to alter plant phenotypes.

[0001] The present invention relates to nucleic acid sequences encoding P450 enzymes in tobacco and methods for using those nucleic acid sequences to alter plant phenotypes.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Cytochrome P450s catalyze enzymatic reactions for a diverse range of chemically dissimilar substrates that include the oxidative, peroxidative and reductive metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic substrates (Danielson, Curr. Drug Metab. 2002, 3:561-597). In plants, P450 enzymes participate in a variety of biochemical pathways including the synthesis of plant products such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, cyanogenic glycosides, and glucosinolates (Chappell, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 198, 49:311-343). Cytochrome P450s, also known as P450 hemethiolate proteins, usually act as terminal oxidases in multi-component electron transfer chains, called P450-containing monooxygenase systems. Specific reactions catalyzed include demethylation, hydroxylation, epoxidation, N-oxidation, sulfooxidation, N-, S-, and O-dealkylations, desulfation, deamination, and reduction of azo, nitro, and N-oxide groups.

[0003] More than four hundred cytochrome P450 enzymes have been identified in diverse organisms ranging from bacteria, fungi, plants, to animals (Graham-Lorence et al., FASEB J., 1996, 10:206-214.) The B-class of P450 enzymes is found in prokaryotes and fungi, while the E-class is found is found in bacteria, plants, insects, vertebrates, and mammals. At least five subclasses are found within the larger family of E-class cytochrome P450s. All cytochrome P450s use a heme cofactor and share structural attributes. Most cytochrome P450s are 400 to 530 amino acids in length. The secondary structure of the enzyme is about 70% alpha-helical and about 22% beta-sheet. The region around the heme-binding site in the C-terminal part of the protein is conserved among cytochrome P450s. A ten amino acid signature sequence in this hemeiron ligand region has been identified which includes a conserved cysteine involved in binding the heme iron in the fifth coordination site. In eukaryotic cytochrome P450s, a membrane-spanning region is usually found in the first 15-20 amino acids of the protein. Generally, the membrane spanning region consists of approximately 15 hydrophobic residues followed by a positively charged residue (See Graham-Lorence, supra).

[0004] The diverse role of tobacco P450 enzymes has been implicated in effecting a variety of plant metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates and a host of other chemical entities. During recent years, it is becoming apparent that some P450 enzymes can impact the composition of metabolites in plants. For example, it has been long desired to improve the flavor and aroma of a burley variety by altering its profile of selected fatty acids through breeding; however, very little is known about mechanisms involved in controlling the levels of these leaf constituents. The down-regulation of P450 enzymes associated with the modification of fatty acids may facilitate accumulation of desired fatty acids that provide more preferred leaf qualities. The function of P450 enzymes and their broadening roles in plant constituents is still being discovered. For instance, a special class of P450 enzymes was found to catalyze the breakdown of fatty acid into volatile C6- and C9-aldehydes and -alcohols that are major contributors of “fresh green” odor of fruits and vegetables (Noordermeer et al, Chembiochem 2001, 2: 494-504). The level of other novel targeted P450 enzymes may be altered to enhance the qualities of leaf constituents by modifying lipid composition and related break down metabolites in tobacco leaf. Still other reports have shown that P450s enzymes are capable of producing cyanogenic glucoside from gluucosinolate compounds that may have utility in improving disease resistance (Bak et al, Plant Physiol 2000, 123: 1437-1448).

[0005] In other instances, P450 enzymes have been suggested to be involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. Nornicotine is a minor alkaloid found in tobacco. It is supposedly produced by the P450 demethylation of nicotine, and is then readily acylated and nitrosated at the N position thereby producing a series of N-acylnonicotines and N-nitrosonornicotines. N-demethylation catalyzed by a tobacco demethylase is thought to be a primary source of nornicotine biosyntheses in tobacco. Tobacco nicotine demethylase is believed to be microsomal and possibly a P-450 dependent enzyme. Thus far a soluble nicotine demethylase enzyme has not been successfully purified, nor have the genes involved been isolated.

[0006] The activity of P450 enzymes is genetically controlled and also strongly influenced by environment factors. For example, the demethylation of nicotine to form nornicotine in tobacco is thought to increase substantially when the plants reach a mature stage. Furthermore, it is thought that the demethylase gene contains a transposable element that can inhibit translation of RNA when present. However, the transposable element can be easily excised when the plant is stressed by environmental factors or artificially by treatment with hormones or other components, thus resulting in protein production and subsequent nornicotine production. This explains why non-nornicotine tobacco lines (non-convertor lines) can convert to nornicotine producing lines (convertor lines) when placed in tissue culture or when seed is continually inbred through the practice of repeatedly saving seed and then using that saved seed for further seed production. For example, ethylene is thought to indirectly stimulate nornicotine production by accelerating senescence.

[0007] The large multiplicity of P450 forms, their differing structure and function have made research on P450 very difficult. The cloning of P450s has been hampered at least in part because these membrane-localized proteins are typically present in low abundance and often unstable to purification. Hence, a need exists for the identification of P450 enzymes in plants and the nucleic acid sequences associated with those P450 enzymes.

SUMMARY

[0008] The present invention is directed to plant P450 enzymes and to plant P450 enzymes having enzymatic activity. The present invention is also directed to P450 enzymes in plants whose expression is induced by ethylene and/or plant senescence. The present invention is further directed to nucleic acid sequences in plants that encode P450 enzymes having activities such as oxigenase, demethylase, and other and the use of those sequences to reduce or silence the expression of these enzymes. The invention also relates to P450 enzymes found in plants expressing higher nornicotine levels as opposed to P450 enzymes found in plants exhibiting lower nornicotine levels.

[0009] In one aspect, the invention is directed to nucleic acid sequences as set forth in SEQ. ID. Nos. 13, 15, 17,19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, or 151. These nucleic acid sequences may then be utilized to reduce, or more preferably, silence or knock out cytochrome P450 enzymes transcription or translation in plants. Reduction or elimination of P450 transcription or translation and subsequent reduction in protein concentration and/or enzymatic activity is accomplished by introducing nucleic acid sequences into the plant using techniques commonly available to one having ordinary skill in the art. Methods for using the nucleic acid sequences taught herein to lower or eliminate P450 enzyme expression using RNA, DNA or protein strategies thereby altering the plant metabolite composition, include without limitation antisense technology, RNA interference (RNAi), GenoPlasty (ValiGen Co.), antibodies, ribozymes, cosuppression/transgene silencing, viral expression systems, mutagenesis, chimeraplasty, and the like. In another aspect, the reduction or elimination of P450 enzymatic activity in plants and more preferably in tobacco may be accomplished transiently using RNA viral vector silencing systems. Resulting transformed or infected plants are assessed for phenotypic changes including, but not limited to, analysis of endogenous P450 RNA transcripts, analysis of P450 expressed peptides, and alterations on of plant metabolite concentrations using techniques commonly available to one having ordinary skill in the art.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention is also directed to generation of trangenic plant lines such as tobaccos that have altered P450 enzyme activity levels whereby such transgenic tobacco lines produce altered levels of metabolites. In accordance with the invention, these transgenic lines include nucleic acid sequences that are effective for reducing or silencing the expression of enzymes that play a role in the demethylation, hydroxylation, epoxidation, N-oxidation, sulfooxidation, N-, S-, and O-dealkylations, desulfation, and deamination reactions as well as reactions involving the reduction of azo, nitro, and N-oxide groups. Such nucleic acid sequences include SEQ. ID. Nos. 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, or 151.

[0011] In this aspect of the invention, the nucleic acids are operably linked to a promoter that is functional in the plant to provide a transformation vector. The plant or plant cells are transformed with the transformer vector and transformed cells are selected. The selected cells are then regenerated into a plant. In accordance with the invention, the nucleic acid molecule may be in an antisense orientation, a sense orientation, or RNA interference orientation. The nucleic and may be expressed as a double standard RNA molecule. The double standard RNA molecule may be about 15 to 25 nucleotides in length.

[0012] In a further aspect of the invention, plant cultivars including nucleic acids of the present invention in a down regulation capacity will have altered metabolite profiles relative to control plants.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to the screening of plants, more preferably tobacco, that contain genes that have substantial nucleic acid identity to the taught nucleic acid sequence. The use of the invention is advantageous to identify and select plants that contain a nucleic acid sequence with exact or substantial identity where such plants are part of a breeding program for traditional or transgenic varieties, a mutagenesis program, or naturally occurring diverse plant populations. The screening of plants for substantial nucleic acid identity may be accomplished by evaluating plant nucleic acid materials using a nucleic acid probe in conjunction with nucleic acid detection protocols including, but not limited to, nucleic acid hybridization and PCR detection and the like. The nucleic acid probe may comprise nucleic acid sequence or fragment thereof corresponding to SEQ ID 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, or 151.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, the present invention is directed to the identification of plant genes, more preferably tobacco plant genes, encoding proteins that share substantial amino acid identity corresponding to the taught nucleic acid sequence. The identification of a nucleic acid sequence with substantial identity may be accomplished by screening plant cDNA libraries using a nucleic acid probe in conjunction with nucleic acid detection protocols including, but not limited to, nucleic acid hybridization, PCR analysis, and the like. The nucleic acid probe may be comprised of nucleic acid sequence or fragment thereof corresponding to SEQ ID 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, or 151. Alternatively, cDNA expression libraries that express peptides may be screened using antibodies directed to part or all of the taught amino acid sequence taught herein. Such amino acid sequences include SEQ ID 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, or 152.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015]FIG. 1 shows a procedure used for cloning of cytochrome P450 cDNA fragements by PCR. SEQ. ID. Nos. 1-12 are shown.

[0016]FIG. 2 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:13 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:14.

[0017]FIG. 3 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:15 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:16.

[0018]FIG. 4 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:17 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:18.

[0019]FIG. 5 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:19 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:20.

[0020]FIG. 6 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:21 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:22.

[0021]FIG. 7 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:23 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:24.

[0022]FIG. 8 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:25 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:26.

[0023]FIG. 9 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:27 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:28.

[0024]FIG. 10 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:29 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:30.

[0025]FIG. 11 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:31 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:32.

[0026]FIG. 12 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:33 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:34.

[0027]FIG. 13 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:35 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:36.

[0028]FIG. 14 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:37 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:38.

[0029]FIG. 15 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:39 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:40.

[0030]FIG. 16 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:41 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:42.

[0031]FIG. 17 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:43 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:44.

[0032]FIG. 18 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:45 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:46.

[0033]FIG. 19 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:47 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:48.

[0034]FIG. 20 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:49 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:50.

[0035]FIG. 21 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:51 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:52.

[0036]FIG. 22 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:53 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:54.

[0037]FIG. 23 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:55 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:56.

[0038]FIG. 24 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:57 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:58.

[0039]FIG. 25 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:59 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:60.

[0040]FIG. 26 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:61 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:62.

[0041]FIG. 27 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:63 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:64.

[0042]FIG. 28 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:65 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:66.

[0043]FIG. 29 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:67 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:68.

[0044]FIG. 30 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:69 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:70.

[0045]FIG. 31 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:71 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:72.

[0046]FIG. 32 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:73 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:74.

[0047]FIG. 33 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:75 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:76.

[0048]FIG. 34 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:77 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:78.

[0049]FIG. 35 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:79 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:80.

[0050]FIG. 36 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:81 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:82.

[0051]FIG. 37 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:83 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:84.

[0052]FIG. 38 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:85 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:86.

[0053]FIG. 39 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:87 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:88.

[0054]FIG. 40 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:89 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:90.

[0055]FIG. 41 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:91 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:92.

[0056]FIG. 42 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:93 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:94.

[0057]FIG. 43 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:95 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:96.

[0058]FIG. 44 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:97 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:98.

[0059]FIG. 45 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:99 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:100.

[0060]FIG. 46 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:101 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:102.

[0061]FIG. 47 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:103 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:104.

[0062]FIG. 48 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:105 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:106.

[0063]FIG. 49 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:107 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:108.

[0064]FIG. 50 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:109 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:110.

[0065]FIG. 51 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:111 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:112.

[0066]FIG. 52 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:113 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:114.

[0067]FIG. 53 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:115 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:116.

[0068]FIG. 54 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:117 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:118.

[0069]FIG. 55 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:119 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:120.

[0070]FIG. 56 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:121 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:122.

[0071]FIG. 57 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:123 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:124.

[0072]FIG. 58 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:125 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:126.

[0073]FIG. 59 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:127 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:128.

[0074]FIG. 60 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:129 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:130.

[0075]FIG. 61 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:131 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:132.

[0076]FIG. 62 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:133 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:134.

[0077]FIG. 63 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:135 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:136.

[0078]FIG. 64 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:137 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:138.

[0079]FIG. 65 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:139 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:140.

[0080]FIG. 66 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:141 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:142.

[0081]FIG. 67 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:143 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:144.

[0082]FIG. 68 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:145 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:146.

[0083]FIG. 69 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:147 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:148.

[0084]FIG. 70 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:149 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:150.

[0085]FIG. 71 shows nucleic acid SEQ. ID. No.:151 and amino acid SEQ. ID. No.:152.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] Definitions

[0087] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Singleton et al. (1994) Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, second edition, John Wiley and Sons (New York) provides one of skill with a general dictionary of many of the terms used in this invention. All patents and publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference herein. For purposes of the present invention, the following terms are defined below.

[0088] The term “cytochrome P450, P450 and P-450” are used herein interchangeably.

[0089] The term “nucleic acid” refers to a deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide polymer in either single- or double-stranded form, or sense or anti-sense, and unless otherwise limited, encompasses known analogues of natural nucleotides that hybridize to nucleic acids in a manner similar to naturally occurring nucleotides. Unless otherwise indicated, a particular nucleic acid sequence includes the complementary sequence thereof. The terms “operably linked”, “in operable combination”, and “in operable order” refer to functional linkage between a nucleic acid expression control sequence (such as a promoter, signal sequence, matrix attachment regions, or array of transcription factor binding sites and the like) and a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the expression control sequence affects transcription and/or translation of the nucleic acid corresponding to the second sequence.

[0090] The term “recombinant” when used with reference to a cell indicates that the cell replicates a heterologous nucleic acid, expresses said nucleic acid or expresses a peptide, heterologous peptide, or protein encoded by a heterologous nucleic acid. Recombinant cells can express genes or gene fragments in either the sense or antisense form that are not found within the native (non-recombinant) form of the cell. Recombinant cells can also express genes that are found in the native form of the cell, but wherein the genes are modified and re-introduced into the cell by artificial means.

[0091] A “structural gene” is that portion of a gene comprising a DNA segment encoding a protein, polypeptide or a portion thereof, and excluding the 5′ sequence which drives the initiation of transcription. The structural gene may alternatively encode a nontranslatable product. The structural gene may be one which is normally found in the cell or one which is not normally found in the cell or cellular location wherein it is introduced, in which case it is termed a “heterologous gene”. A heterologous gene may be derived in whole or in part from any source known to the art, including a bacterial genome or episome, eukaryotic, nuclear or plasmid DNA, cDNA, viral DNA or chemically synthesized DNA. A structural gene may contain one or more modifications which could effect biological activity or its characteristics, the biological activity or the chemical structure of the expression product, the rate of expression or the manner of expression control. Such modifications include, but are not limited to, mutations, insertions, deletions and substitutions of one or more nucleotides. The structural gene may constitute an uninterrupted coding sequence or it may include one or more introns, bounded by the appropriate splice junctions. The structural gene may be translatable or non-translatable, including in an anti-sense orientation, RNAi configuration or the like. The structural gene may be a composite of segments derived from a plurality of sources and from a plurality of gene sequences (naturally occurring or synthetic, where synthetic refers to DNA that is chemically synthesized).

[0092] “Derived from” is used to mean taken, obtained, received, traced, replicated or descended from a source (chemical and/or biological). A derivative may be produced by chemical or biological manipulation (including, but not limited to, substitution, addition, insertion, deletion, extraction, isolation, mutation and replication) of the original source.

[0093] “Chemically synthesized”, as related to a sequence of DNA, means that portions of the component nucleotides were assembled in vitro. Manual chemical synthesis of DNA may be accomplished using well established procedures (Caruthers, Methodology of DNA and RNA Sequencing, (1983), Weissman (ed.), Praeger Publishers, New York, Chapter 1); automated chemical synthesis can be performed using one of a number of commercially available machines standard in the art.

[0094] Two polynucleotides or polypeptides are said to be “identical” if the sequence of nucleotides or amino acid residues in the two sequences is the same when aligned for maximum correspondence. Optimal alignment of sequences for comparison may be conducted by the local homology algorithm of Smith and Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482 (1981), by the homology alignment algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443 (1970), by the search for similarity method of Pearson and Lipman Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 85: 2444 (1988), by computerized implementations of these computerized algorithms (e.g., GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Dr., Madison, Wis.), or by inspection.

[0095] The NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (Altschul et al., 1990) is available from several sources, including the National Center for Biological Information (NCBI, Bethesda, Md.) and on the Internet, for use in connection with the sequence analysis programs blastp, blastn, blastx, tblastn and tblastx. It can be accessed at htp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/. A description of how to determine sequence identity using this program is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/blast help.html.

[0096] The terms “substantial identity” or “substantial sequence identity” as applied to nucleic acid sequences and as used herein denote a characteristic of a polynucleotide sequence, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that has at least 80 percent sequence identity, at least 80 to 99 percent sequence identity being desired, preferably at least 90 to 99 percent sequence identity, more preferably at least 95 to 99 percent sequence identity, and most preferably at least 98 to 99 as compared to a reference sequence over a comparison window of at least 20 nucleotide positions, frequently over a window of at least 25-50 nucleotides, wherein the percentage of sequence identity is calculated by comparing the reference sequence to the polynucleotide sequence which may include deletions or additions which total 20 percent or less of the reference sequence over the window of comparison. The reference sequence may be a subset of a larger sequence.

[0097] Another indication that nucleotide sequences are substantially identical is if two molecules hybridize to each other under stringent conditions. Stringent conditions are sequence-dependent and will be different in different circumstances. Generally, stringent conditions are selected to be about 5° C. to about 20° C., usually about 10° C. to about 15° C., lower than the thermal melting point (Tm) for the specific sequence at a defined ionic strength and pH. The Tm is the temperature (under defined ionic strength and pH) at which 50% of the target sequence hybridizes to a matched probe. Typically, stringent conditions will be those in which the salt concentration is about 0.02 molar at pH 7 and the temperature is at least about 60° C. For instance in a standard Southern hybridization procedure, stringent conditions will include an initial wash in 6×SSC at 42° C. followed by one or more additional washes in 0.2×SSC at a temperature of at least about 55° C., typically about 60° C. and often about 65° C.

[0098] Nucleotide sequences are also substantially identical for purposes of this invention when the polypeptides and/or proteins which they encode are substantially identical. Thus, where one nucleic acid sequence encodes essentially the same polypeptide as a second nucleic acid sequence, the two nucleic acid sequences are substantially identical, even if they would not hybridize under stringent conditions due to degeneracy permitted by the genetic code (see, Darnell et al. (1990) Molecular Cell Biology, Second Edition Scientific American Books W. H. Freeman and Company New York for an explanation of codon degeneracy and the genetic code). Protein purity or homogeneity can be indicated by a number of means well known in the art, such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a protein sample, followed by visualization upon staining. For certain purposes high resolution may be needed and HPLC or a similar means for purification may be utilized.

[0099] As used herein, the term “vector” is used in reference to nucleic acid molecules that transfer DNA segment(s) into a cell. A vector may act to replicate DNA and may reproduce independently in a host cell. Vectors may be of fungal, bacterial, viral, animal or plant origin. The term “vehicle” is sometimes used interchangeably with “vector.”

[0100] The term “expression vector” as used herein refers to a recombinant DNA molecule containing a desired coding sequence and appropriate nucleic acid sequences necessary for the expression of the operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism. Nucleic acid sequences necessary for expression in prokaryotes usually include a promoter, an operator (optional), and a ribosome binding site, often along with other sequences. Eucaryotic cells are known to utilize promoters, enhancers, and termination and polyadenylation signals. Viral vectors will often require those elements consistent with those used in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.

[0101] For the purpose of regenerating complete genetically engineered plants or plant cell tissues, a nucleic acid may be inserted into plant cells, for example, by any technique such as in vivo inoculation or by any of the known in vitro tissue culture techniques to produce transformed plant cells that can be regenerated into complete plants. Thus, for example, the insertion into plant cells may be by in vitro inoculation by pathogenic or non-pathogenic A. tumefaciens. Other such tissue culture techniques may also be employed.

[0102] Transcriptional control signals in eukaryotes comprise “promoters” and may comprise “enhancer” elements. Promoters and enhancers consist of short arrays of DNA sequences that interact specifically with cellular proteins involved in transcription (Maniatis, T. et al., Science 236:1237 (1987)). Promoter and enhancer elements have been isolated from a variety of eukaryotic sources including genes in yeast, insect and mammalian cells, plants and viruses (analogous control elements, i.e., promoters, are also found in prokaryotes). The selection of a particular promoter and enhancer depends on what cell type is to be used to express the protein of interest. Some eukaryotic promoters and enhancers have a broad host range while others are functional in a limited subset of cell types (for review see Voss, S. D. et al., Trends Biochem. Sci., 11:287 (1986) and Maniatis, T. et al., supra (1987)).

[0103] “Plant tissue” includes differentiated and undifferentiated tissues of plants, including, but not limited to, roots, shoots, leaves, pollen, seeds, tumor tissue and various forms of cells in culture, such as single cells, protoplasts, embryos and callus tissue. The plant tissue may be in planta or in organ, tissue or cell culture.

[0104] “Plant cell” as used herein includes plant cells in planta and plant cells and protoplasts in culture.

[0105] “cDNA” or “complementary DNA” generally refers to a single stranded DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to an RNA molecule. cDNA is formed by the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase on an RNA template.

[0106] Strategies for Obtaining Nucleic Acid Sequences

[0107] In accordance with the present invention, RNA was extracted from tobacco tissue of converter and non-converter tobacco lines. This extracted RNA was then used to create cDNA. Nucleic acid sequences of the present invention were then generated using two different strategies.

[0108] In the first strategy, the cDNA was used to create cytochrome P450 specific PCR populations using degenerate primers. Examples of specific degenerate primers are set forth in FIG. 1. Sequence fragments from plasmids containing appropriate size inserts were further analyzed. These size inserts typically ranged from about 300 to about 800 nucleotides depending on which primers were used.

[0109] In a second strategy, the cDNA was used to create subtraction libraries. As in the first strategy, sequence fragments from plasmids containing appropriate size inserts were further analyzed.

[0110] Plant Cell Material: Tobacco plant lines known to produce high levels of nornicotine (converter) and plant lines having undetectable levels of nornicotine by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy may be used as starting materials. In one aspect of the invention, a burley line, variety 4407, lines 58-33 (converter) and 58-25 (nonconverter) may be used. There were no obvious phenotypic differences between these converter lines except for nornicotine levels. Burley converter line 78379 may also be utilized.

[0111] cDNA Isolation: Leaves were removed from plants and treated with ethylene to activate cytochrome P450 activity. Total RNA was extracted using techniques known in the art. cDNA fragments were generated using PCR (RT-PCR) with the primers as described in FIG. 1.

[0112] Gene Fragment Identification: Two methods were used for gene fragment identification as follows. (1) The conserved region of P450 type enzymes was used as a template for degenerate primers (FIG. 1). Using degenerate primers, P450 specific nucleic acids were amplified by PCR. Bands indicative of P450-like enzymes were identified by DNA sequencing. PCR fragments were characterized using BLAST search, alignment or other tools to identify appropriate candidates.

[0113] (2) cDNA was used to generate subtraction libraries using techniques known to the skilled artisan. Appropriate fragments were ligated to a vector, such as a pGEM vector, and characterized by sequencing and comparative RT-PCR.

[0114] Characterization of cDNA: Sequence information from identified fragments was used to develop PCR primers. These primers are used to conduct quantitative RT-PCR from the RNA's of converter and non-converter ethylene treated plant tissue. Only appropriate sized DNA bands (300-800 bp) from converter lines or bands with higher density denoting higher expression in converter lines were used for further characterization. Large scale Southern analysis were conducted to examine the differential expression for all clones obtained. In this aspect of the invention, these large scale Southern assays were conducted using labeled total cDNA's from different tissues as a probe to hybridize with cloned DNA fragments in order to screen all cloned inserts.

[0115] Functional Analysis of DNA Fragments

[0116] Nucleic acid sequences identified as described above are examined by using virus induced gene silencing technology (VIGS, Baulcombe, Current Opinions in Plant Biology, 1999, 2:109-113).

[0117] In another aspect of the invention, interfering RNA technology (RNAi) and related double stranded RNA technologies is used to further characterize gene fragments of the present invention. The following references which describe this technology are incorporated by reference herein, Smith et al., Nature, 2000, 407:319-320; Fire et al., Nature, 1998, 391:306-311; Waterhouse et al., PNAS, 1998, 95:13959-13964; Stalberg et al., Plant Molecular Biology, 1993, 23:671-683; Baulcombe, Current Opinions in Plant Biology, 1999, 2:109-113; and Brigneti et al., EMBO Journal, 1998, 17(22):6739-6746.

[0118] P450 Fragments: P450 fragments were identified from populations. Distinct P450 clusters were identified.

[0119] Two subtraction libraries were made using 58-33 (converter) as tester and 58-25 (non-converter) as driver. Fragments from clones of the first library were identified as encoding P450 enzymes based on PCR reactions using P450 degenerate primers (DM4 in FIG. 1).

[0120] Development of Transegenic Tobacco Cell Lines

[0121] In this aspect of the invention, appropriate cDNA fragments as identified above were transformed into tobacco plants to generate knockouts or reduce expression of P-450 like enzyme activities. Plants may be transformed using RNAi techniques (Chuang and Meyerwoitz, 2000, PNAS 97: 495-4990; Vaucheret et al 2001, J Cell Sci 114: 3083-3091), antisense techniques, or a variety of other methods described known to the skilled artisan.

[0122] Several techniques exist for introducing foreign genetic material into plant cells, and for obtaining plants that stably maintain and express the introduced gene. Such techniques include acceleration of genetic material coated onto microparticles directly into cells (U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,050 to Cornell and U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,131 to DowElanco). Plants may be transformed using Agrobacterium technology, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,177,010 to University of Toledo, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,310 to Texas A&M, European Patent Application 0131624B1, European Patent Applications 120516, 159418B1, European Patent Applications 120516, 159418B1 and 176,112 to Schilperoot, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,149,645, 5,469,976, 5,464,763 and 4,940,838 and 4,693,976 to Schilperoot, European Patent Applications 116718, 290799, 320500 all to MaxPlanck, European Patent Applications 604662 and 627752 to Japan Tobacco, European Patent Applications 0267159, and 0292435 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,019 all to Ciba Geigy, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,463,174 and 4,762,785 both to Calgene, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,004,863 and 5,159,135 both to Agracetus. Other transformation technology includes whiskers technology, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,302,523 and 5,464,765 both to Zeneca. Electroporation technology has also been used to transform plants, see WO 87/06614 to Boyce Thompson Institute, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,472,869 and 5,384,253 both to Dekalb, WO9209696 and WO9321335 both to PGS. All of these transformation patents and publications are incorporated by reference. In addition to numerous technologies for transforming plants, the type of tissue which is contacted with the foreign genes may vary as well. Such tissue would include but would not be limited to embryogenic tissue, callus tissue type I and II, hypocotyl, meristem, and the like. Almost all plant tissues may be transformed during dedifferentiation using appropriate techniques within the skill of an artisan.

[0123] Foreign genetic material introduced into a plant may include a selectable marker. The preference for a particular marker is at the discretion of the artisan, but any of the following selectable markers may be used along with any other gene not listed herein which could function as a selectable marker. Such selectable markers include but are not limited to aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene of transposon Tn5 (Aph II) which encodes resistance to the antibiotics kanamycin, neomycin and G418, as well as those genes which code for resistance or tolerance to glyphosate; hygromycin; methotrexate; phosphinothricin (bar); imidazolinones, sulfonylureas and triazolopyrimidine herbicides, such as chlorosulfuron; bromoxynil, dalapon and the like.

[0124] In addition to a selectable marker, it may be desirous to use a reporter gene. In some instances a reporter gene may be used without a selectable marker. Reporter genes are genes which are typically not present or expressed in the recipient organism or tissue. The reporter gene typically encodes for a protein which provide for some phenotypic change or enzymatic property. Examples of such genes are provided in K. Weising et al. Ann. Rev. Genetics, 22, 421 (1988), which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferred reporter genes include without limitation glucuronidase (GUS) gene and GFP genes.

[0125] Once introduced into the plant tissue, the expression of the structural gene may be assayed by any means known to the art, and expression may be measured as mRNA transcribed, protein synthesized, or the amount of gene silencing that occurs (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,021 which is hereby incorporated by reference). Techniques are known for the in vitro culture of plant tissue, and in a number of cases, for regeneration into whole plants (EP Appln No. 88810309.0). Procedures for transferring the introduced expression complex to commercially useful cultivars are known to those skilled in the art.

[0126] Once plant cells expressing the desired level of P450 nucleic acids are obtained, plant tissues and whole plants can be regenerated therefrom using methods and techniques well-known in the art. The regenerated plants are then reproduced by conventional means and the introduced genes can be transferred to other strains and cultivars by conventional plant breeding techniques.

[0127] The following examples illustrate methods for carrying out the invention and should be understood to be illustrative of, but not limiting upon, the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

EXAMPLES Example I Development of Plant Tissue and Ethylene Treatment.

[0128] Plant Growth

[0129] Plants were seeded in pots and grown in a greenhouse for 4 weeks. The 4-week-old seedlings were transplanted into individual pots and grown in the greenhouse for 2 months. The expanded green leaves were detached from plants to do the ethylene treatment described below. The plant material was taken from 24-48 hour post ethylene treated leaves for RNA extraction. Another subsample was taken for alkaloids analysis to confirm the concentration of nornicotine in these samples.

[0130] Tobacco Line 78379

[0131] Tobacco line 78379, a public burley line released by the University of Kentucky, was used as a source of plant material. A total of 100 plants were transplanted and tagged with a distinctive number (1-100). Fertilization and field management were conducted as recommended.

[0132] Three quarters of the 100 plants converted between 20 and 100% of the nicotine to nornicotine. One quarter of the 100 plants converted less than 5% of the nicotine to nornicotine. The range of nornicotine conversion varied greatly. For-example, plant number 87 had the least conversion (2%) while plant number 21 had 100% conversion. Plants converting less than 3% were classified as non-converters. Self-pollinated seed of plant number 87 and plant number 21, as well as crossed (21×87 and 87×21) seeds were made to study genetic and phenotype differences. Plants derived from self crossing plant number 21 were converters, and 99% of plants derived from self crossing plant 87 were non-converters. The other 1% of the plants from plant number 87 showed low conversion (5-15%). Plants from reciprocal crosses were all converters.

[0133] Tobacco Line 4407

[0134] Tobacco line 4407 was a burley line was used as a source of plant material. Uniform and representative plants totaling 100 were selected and tagged. Of the 100 plants 97 were non-converters and three were converters. Plant number 56 had the least amount of conversion (1.2%) and plant number 58 had the highest level of conversion (96%). Self-pollenated seeds and crossed seeds were generated with these two plants as described above.

[0135] Plants derived from seed that had been obtained from crossing plant number 58 with itself were segregating in about a 3:1 converter to non-converter ratio. Plants of self crossed seed of plant number 56 had 99% converters with the remaining 1% showing low conversion (5-15%). The plants from reciprocal crosses also segregated in a ratio of about 1:1.

[0136] Ethylene Treatment Procedures

[0137] One leaf from each plant was sprayed with 3 ml ethylene form Prep brand Ethephon (Rhone-Poulenc). Each sprayed leaf was hung in a curing rack equipped with humidifier and covered with plastic. Each leaf was sampled at day 5 to determine alkaloid concentration.

[0138] Alternatively, plug germinated seedlings were put into float trays in water containing 150 ppm NPK fertilizer. Seedling (4-8 weeks old) were sprayed with ethylene and cured. Ethylene treated samples were subjected directly to alkaloids analysis without further curing.

[0139] Alkaloid Analysis

[0140] Samples (0.1 g) were shaken at 150 rpm with 0.5 ml 2N NaOH, and a 5 ml extraction solution which contained quinoline as an internal standard and methyl t-butyl ether. Samples were analyzed on a HP 6890 GC equipped with a FID detector. A temperature of 250° C. was used for the detector and injector. An HP column (30 m-0.32 nm-1·m) consisting of fused silica crosslinked with 5% phenol and 95% methyl silicon was used at a temperature gradient of 110-185° C. at 10° C. per minute. The column was operated at a flow rate at 100° C. at 1.7 cm³ min⁻¹ with a split ratio of 40:1 with a 2:1 injection volume using helium as the carrier gas.

Example 2 RNA Isolation

[0141] For RNA extractions, middle leaves from 2 month old greenhouse grown plants were treated with ethylene as described. Samples were collected at 0 and 24 hours and used for RNA extraction. Total RNA was isolated using Rneasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen) following manufacturer's protocol.

[0142] 100 mg of plant leaf tissue was ground with a mortar and pestle in the presence of liquid nitrogen. RNA was dissolved into 100:1 Rnase free water. Quality and quantity of total RNA was analyzed by denatured formaldehyde gel and spectrophotometer.

[0143] Total Poly (A+)RNA was isolated using Oligotex poly A RNA purification kit (Qiagen) following manufacture's protocol. About 200 ug total RNA in 250:1 maximum volume was used. Poly A+ product was analyzed by denatured formaldehyde gels and spectrophotometric analysis.

Example 3 Reverse Transcription-PCR

[0144] First strand cDNA was produced using SuperScript reverse transcriptase (Gibco BRL) following manufacturer's protocol. PCR was carried out with the following specification:

[0145] 200 pmoles of forward primer (degenerate primers as in FIG. 1) and 100 moles reverse primer (mix of oligo d(T)+1 random base) were used in PCR reactions.

[0146] Reaction conditions were 94° C. for 2 minutes and then 40 cycles of PCR at 94° C. for 1 minute, 45° C. for 2 minutes, 72° C. for 3 minutes were performed.

[0147] Ten uL of the amplified sample were analyzed by electrophoresis using a 1% agarose gel.

Example 4 Generation of PCR Fragment Populations

[0148] PCR fragments from Example 3 were ligated into a pGEM-T Easy Vector (Promega) following manufacturer's instructions. Ligated product was transformed into JM109 competent cells and plated on LB media plates for blue/white selection. Colonies were selected and grown in 10 ml of LB media overnight at 37° C. Frozen stocks were generated for all selected colonies. Plasmid DNA was purified and minipreped using Wizard SV Miniprep kit (Promega). Plasmids were digested by EcoR1 and were analyzed using 1% agarose gel. The plasmids containing a 400-600 bp insert were sequenced using a ABI 3700 DNA Sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Sequences were aligned with GenBank database by BLAST search. The P450 related fragments were further analyzed.

Example 5 Characterization of Cloned Fragments

[0149] One step RT-PCR (Gibco Kit) was performed on the total RNAs from non-converter (58-25) and converter (58-33) lines using primers specific to the P450 fragments (FIG. 1).

Example 6 Preparation of Subtraction Libraries

[0150] A subtraction library was made using 58-33 (converter) as tester and 58-25 (non-converter) as driver based on the protocol provided by the manufacturer's instructions (Clontech PCR-Select cDNA Subtraction Kit). PCR fragments were ligated into pGEM plasmids. DNA was extracted by miniprep from bacterial culture grown from a single colony.

[0151] P450 clones were identified from both degenerate primer populations and the subtraction library. Nonradioactive Southern blotting was performed on most P450 clones identified. It was observed that the level of expression among different P450 clusters was very different. Further real time detection was conducted on those with high expression. The assay was also applied on the subtraction library.

Example 7 Identification of Appropriate Candidates

[0152] Southern blotting was conducted to identify clones differentially expressed only in converter material (vs. nonconverter material). Nonradioactive southern blotting procedures were conducted as follows.

[0153] 1) Total RNA was extracted from ethylene treated converter (58-33) and nonconverter (58-25) cell leaves.

[0154] 2) First step RT-PCR was conducted to biotin-tail label the single strand cDNA from converter and nonconverter total RNA (Promega, Biotinalyted oligo dT; Gibco, Superscript reverse transcriptase). These were used as a probe to hybridize with cloned DNA.

[0155] 3) Plasmid DNA was digested with restriction enzyme EcoRI and run on agarose gels. 4) Gels were simultaneously dried and transferred to two membranes. One membrane was hybridized with converter probe and the other with nonconverter probe. The hybridized and washed membranes were detected by alkaline phosphatase labeling followed by NBT/BCIP colometric detection (Enzo Diagnostics, Inc.) followed by manufacture's hybridization and detection procedure with modification of stringency washes.

[0156] Comparative RT-PCR was conducted as follows.

[0157] 1) Total RNA from ethylene treated converter (58-33) and nonconverter (58-25) plant leaves was extracted.

[0158] 2) poly(A+) RNA from total RNA was extracted.

[0159] 3) One step RT-PCR was conducted using primers specific to P450s (Gibco, one step RT-PCR system).

[0160] 4) Samples were run on 1.5% agarose gels to resolve bands.

Example 8 Screening of cDNA P450 Candidate Clones

[0161] A cDNA library was constructed by preparing total RNA from ethylene treated leaves as follows. First, total RNA was extracted from ethylene treated leaves using a modified acid phenol and chloroform extraction protocol. The protocol was modified to use 1 g of tissue that was ground and subsequently vortexed in 5 ml of extraction buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5; 200 mM NaCl; 10 mM EDTA; 0.5% SDS) to which 5 ml phenol (pH 5.5) and 5 ml chloroform was added. The extracted sample was centrifuged and the supernatant was saved. This extraction step was repeated 2-3 more times until the supernatant appeared clear. Approximately 5 ml of chloroform was added to remove trace amounts of phenol. RNA was precipitated from the combined supernatant fractions by adding a 3-fold volume of ETOH and 1/10 volume of 3M NaOAc (pH 5.2) and storing at −20° C. for 1 hour. After transfering to Corex glass container it was centrifuged at 9,000 RPM for 45 minutes at 4° C. The pellet was washed with 70% ethanol and spun for 5 minutes at 9,000 RPM at 4° C. After drying the pellet, the pelleted RNA was dissolved in 0.5 ml RNase free water. The pelleted RNA was dissolved in 0.5 ml RNase free water. The quality and quantity of total RNA was analyzed by denatured formaldehyde gel and spectrophotometer, respectively.

[0162] The resultant total RNA was isolated for poly A+ RNA using an Oligo(dT) cellulose protocol (Invitrogen) and Microcentrifuge spin columns (Invitrogene) by the following protocol. Approximately 20 mg of total RNA was subjected to twice purification to obtain high quality poly A+ RNA. Poly A+ RNA product was analyzed by performing denatured formaldehyde gel and subsequent RTPCR of control full-length genes to ensure high quality of mRNA. In addition, Northern analysis was performed on the poly A+ RNA from ethylene treated non-converter leaves, zero hour ethylene treated converter leaves and ethylene treated converter leaves using a full-length P450 gene as probe. The method was based on the protocol provided by the manufacturer's instructions (KPL RNADetector Northern Blotting Kit) using 1.8 ug of polyA+ RNA for each sample. RNA containing gels were transferred overnight using 20×SSC as a transfer buffer.

[0163] Next, poly A+ RNA was used as template to produce a cDNA library employing cDNA synthesis kit, ZAP-cDNA synthesis kit, and ZAP-cDNA Gigapack III Gold cloning kit (Stratagene). The method involved following the manufacture's protocol as specified. Approximately 8 ug of poly A+ RNA was used to a construct cDNA library. Analysis of the primary library revealed about 2.5×10⁶−1×10⁷ pfu. A quality background test of the library was completed by complementation using IPTG and X-gal, where recombinant plaques were expressed at more than 100-fold above the background reaction.

[0164] A more quantitative analysis of the library by random PCR showed that average size of insert cDNA was approximately 1.2 kb. The method used a two-step PCR method as followed. For the first step, reverse primers were designed based on the preliminary sequence information obtained from P450 fragments. The designed reverse primers and T3 (forward) primers were used amplify corresponding genes from the cDNA library. PCR reactions were subjected to agarose electrophoresis and the corresponding bands of high molecular weight were excised, purified, cloned and sequenced.

[0165] Numerous modifications and variations in practice of the invention are expected to occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the foregoing detailed description of the invention. Consequently, such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

1 152 1 4 DNA Nicotiana 1 ktry 4 2 4 DNA Nicotiana 2 ktrr 4 3 1 DNA Nicotiana 3 r 1 4 1 DNA Nicotiana 4 r 1 5 4 DNA Nicotiana 5 grrc 4 6 4 DNA Nicotiana 6 ggrr 4 7 17 DNA Nicotiana 7 aargaracyt tmgytta 17 8 16 DNA Nicotiana 8 aargaracyt mgytmg 16 9 13 DNA Nicotiana 9 ttyccgarmg tty 13 10 14 DNA Nicotiana 10 raackytgcg graa 14 11 13 DNA Nicotiana 11 ggmgmgtgyc cgs 13 12 13 DNA Nicotiana 12 ckckccccra agg 13 13 183 DNA Nicotiana 13 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattacaag ttacaaaact ccaaatgacg 60 agcccctgga tatgaaggaa ggtgcaggat taactatacg taaagtaaat cctgtagaag 120 tgacaattac ggctcgcctg gcacctgagc tttattaaaa ccttagatgt tttatcttga 180 tta 183 14 65 PRT Nicotiana 14 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Ile Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Lys Thr Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Leu Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Glu Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 15 286 DNA Nicotiana 15 gggaggcggg gggtgtccgg ggatgactta tgcattacaa gtggaacacc taacaatagc 60 acatttgatc cagggtttca attacaaaac tccaaatgac gagcccttgg atataaaagg 120 tgcaggatta actatacgta aagtaaatcc tgtagaagtg acaattacgg ctcgcctggc 180 acctgagctt tattaaaacc ttagatgttt tatcttgatt gtactaatat atatatgcag 240 aaaaaattga aatgaaatgt gatcgaaatt gtgtacggtt ggataa 286 16 65 PRT Nicotiana 16 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Ile Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Lys Thr Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Leu Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Glu Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 17 203 DNA Nicotiana 17 gggcggcggg ggtgcccggg gatgacttat gcattacaag tggaacacct aacaatagca 60 catttgatcc agggtttcaa ttacaaaact ccaaatgacg agcccttgga tatgaaggaa 120 ggttcaggat taaccatacg taaagtaaat cctgtagaag tgacaactac ggctcgcctg 180 gcacctgagc tttattaaaa cca 203 18 64 PRT Nicotiana 18 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Ile Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Glu Asn Tyr Lys Thr Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Leu Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Glu Val Thr Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu Tyr 50 55 60 19 371 DNA Nicotiana 19 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gataaatttt gcgactttag tgacacatct gacttttggt 60 cgcttgcttc aaggttttga ttttagtacg ccatcaaaca cgccaataga catgacagaa 120 ggcgtaggcg ttactttgcc taaggtaaat caagtggaag ttctaattag ccctcgttta 180 ccttctaagc tttatgtatt ctgaaagtgc aaatcatcac tcgtggcttg agtaattagt 240 tatactttaa tatgtttctc gtgtaaattt tatggggccg tatatggtca cttgtagtgg 300 ttgtgcataa aatgaagttg tgaaatatat aaacttcata taagtgccag tcttatttag 360 tttcttgtct a 371 20 67 PRT Nicotiana 20 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ile Asn Phe Ala Thr Leu Val Thr His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Phe Gly Arg Leu Leu Gln Gly Phe Asp Phe Ser Thr Pro Ser 20 25 30 Asn Thr Pro Ile Asp Met Thr Glu Gly Val Gly Val Thr Leu Pro Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Gln Val Glu Val Leu Ile Ser Pro Arg Leu Pro Ser Lys Leu 50 55 60 Tyr Val Phe 65 21 280 DNA Nicotiana 21 gggaggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacacct aacaatggca 60 catttaatcc agggtttcaa ttacaaaact ccaaatgacg aggccttgga tatgaaggaa 120 ggtgcaggca taacaatacg taaggtaaat ccagtggaat tgataataac gcctcgcttg 180 gcacctgagc tttactaaaa cctaagatct ttcatcttgg ttgatcattg tttaataccc 240 ctagatgggt attcatttac cttttttcaa ttaattgcat 280 22 64 PRT Nicotiana 22 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Met Tyr His Thr Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asx Glu Ala Leu Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Pro Lys Val 35 40 45 Asn Pro Val Glu Leu Ile Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu Tyr 50 55 60 23 211 DNA Nicotiana 23 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg aatgctttgg agtgcgagta tagtgcgcgt cagctaccta 60 acttgtattt atagattcca agtatatgct gggtctgtgt tcagagtagc atgaacaggc 120 ctttcctgtt tgttgaattt accccatatg tttattgcag caggaacttg agttgagaca 180 ttagagattg ctggtatata tttttaagag c 211 24 37 PRT Nicotiana 24 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Leu Trp Ser Ala Ser Ile Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Tyr Leu Thr Cys Ile Tyr Arg Phe Gln Val Tyr Ala Gly Ser 20 25 30 Val Phe Arg Val Ala 35 25 376 DNA Nicotiana 25 gggaggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacactt aacaatggca 60 catttgatcc aaggtttcaa ttacagaact ccaaatgacg agcccttgga tatgaaggaa 120 ggtgcaggca taactatacg taaggtaatc ctgtggaact gataatagcg cccctggcac 180 ctgagcttta ttaaaaccta agatctttca tcttggttga tcattctata atactcctaa 240 atggatattc atttaccttt tatcaattaa ttgtcagtac gagtttttct aatttggtac 300 atttgtaata ataagtaaag aataattgtg ctaatatata aaggtttgta gaagataatt 360 gactggttgt accaca 376 26 64 PRT Nicotiana 26 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Arg Thr Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Glu Leu Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu Tyr 50 55 60 27 292 DNA Nicotiana 27 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacacct aacaatggca 60 catttgatcc agggtttcaa ttacagaact ccaactgatg agcccttgga tatgaaagaa 120 ggtgcaggca taactatacg taaggtaaat cctgtgaaag tgataattac gcctcgcttg 180 gcacctgagc tttattaaaa tctaagatgt ttcatcttgg ttgatcattg tttaatactc 240 ctagatgggt attcatctac cttttttcaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa 292 28 65 PRT Nicotiana 28 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Arg Thr Pro Thr 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Lys Val Ile Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 29 368 DNA Nicotiana 29 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacactt aacaatggca 60 catttgatcc aaggtttcaa ttacagaact ccaaatgacg agcccttgga tatgaaggaa 120 ggtgcaggca taactatacg taaggtaaat cctgcggaac tgataatagc gcctcgcctg 180 gcacctgagc tttattaaaa cctaagatct ttcatcttgg ttgatcattg tataatactc 240 ctaaatggat attcatttac cttttatcaa ttaattgtca gtacgagttt ttctaatttg 300 gtacatttgt aataataagt aaagaataat tgtgctaata tataaaggtt tgtagaagat 360 aattgact 368 30 65 PRT Nicotiana 30 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Glu Asn Tyr Arg Thr Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Ala Glu Leu Ile Ile Ala Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 31 257 DNA Nicotiana 31 gggcggaggg ggtgtccggg gataggtttt gcgactttag tgacacatct gacttttggt 60 cgcttgcttc aaggttttga ttttagtaag ccatcaaaca cgccaattga catgacagaa 120 ggcgtaggcg ttactttgcc taaggttaat caagttgaag ttctaattac ccctcgttta 180 ccttctaagc tttatttatt ttgaaagtgc aaatcatcaa tcatgggttg ggtaattagt 240 gatactttaa tatgtta 257 32 67 PRT Nicotiana 32 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ile Gly Phe Ala Thr Leu Val Thr His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Glu Gly Arg Leu Leu Gln Gly Phe Asp Phe Ser Lys Pro Ser 20 25 30 Asn Thr Pro Ile Asp Met Thr Glu Gly Val Gly Val Thr Leu Pro Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Gln Val Glu Val Leu Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Pro Ser Lys Leu 50 55 60 Tyr Leu Phe 65 33 231 DNA Nicotiana 33 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacactt aacaatggca 60 catttgatcc aaggtttcaa ttacagaact ccaaatgacg agcccttgga tatgaaggaa 120 ggtgcaggca taactatacg taaggtaaat cctgtggaac tgataatagc gcctcgcctg 180 gcacctgagc tttattaaaa ccttaagatc tttcatcttg gttgatcatt g 231 34 65 PRT Nicotiana 34 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Glu Asn Tyr Arg Ile Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Glu Leu Ile Ile Ala Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 35 227 DNA Nicotiana 35 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacactt aacaatggca 60 catttgatcc aaggtttcaa ttacagaact ccaaatgacg agcccttgga tatgaaggaa 120 ggtgcaggca taactatacg taaggtaaat cctgtggaac tgataatagc gcctcgcctg 180 gcacctgagc tttattaaaa cctaagatct ttcatcttgg ttgatca 227 36 65 PRT Nicotiana 36 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Glu Asn Tyr Arg Thr Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Glu Leu Ile Ile Ala Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 37 288 DNA Nicotiana 37 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gataggtttt gcgactttag tgacacatct gacttttggt 60 tcgcttgctt caaggttttg attttagtaa gccatcaaac acgccaattg acatgacagg 120 aggcgtaggc gttactttgc ctaaggttaa tcaagttgaa gttctaatta cccctcgttt 180 accttctaag ctttatttat tttgaaagtg caatcatcaa tcatgggttg agtaattagt 240 gatactttaa tatgtttctc atgtaaatgt tatggggccg tatatgga 288 38 67 PRT Nicotiana 38 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ile Gly Phe Ala Thr Leu Val Thr His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Phe Gly Arg Leu Leu Gln Gly Phe Asp Phe Ser Lys Pro Ser 20 25 30 Asn Thr Pro Ile Asp Met Thr Glu Gly Val Gly Val Thr Leu Pro Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Gln Val Glu Val Leu Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Pro Ser Lys Leu 50 55 60 Tyr Leu Phe 65 39 200 DNA Nicotiana 39 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg aatgctttgg agtgcgagta tagtgcgcgt cagctaccta 60 acctgtattt atagattcca agtatatgct gggtctgtgt tcagagtagc atgaacaggc 120 ctttcctgtt tgttgaattt acctcatatg tttattgcag caggaacttg agttgagaca 180 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 200 40 37 PRT Nicotiana 40 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Leu Trp Ser Ala Ser Ile Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Tyr Leu Thr Cys Ile Tyr Arg Phe Gln Val Tyr Ala Gly Ser 20 25 30 Val Phe Arg Val Ala 35 41 249 DNA Nicotiana 41 gggaggcggg ggtgcccggg tgcacaactt gctatcaact tggtcacatc tatgttgggt 60 catttgttgc atcattttac atgggctccg gccccggggg ttaacccgga ggatattgac 120 ttggaggaga gccctggaac agtaacttac atgaaaaatc caatacaagc tattccaact 180 ccaagagttg cctgcacact tgtatggacg tgtgccagtg gatatgtaaa acattttgtt 240 ctttccctt 249 42 75 PRT Nicotiana 42 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ala Gln Leu Ala Ile Asn Leu Val Thr 1 5 10 15 Ser Met Leu Gly His Leu Leu His His Phe Thr Trp Ala Pro Ala Pro 20 25 30 Gly Val Asn Pro Glu Asp Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Ser Pro Gly Thr Val 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Met Lys Asn Pro Ile Gln Ala Ile Pro Thr Pro Arg Leu Pro 50 55 60 Ala His Leu Tyr Gly Arg Val Pro Val Asp Met 65 70 75 43 266 DNA Nicotiana 43 gggcggcggg ggtgcccggg tgcacaactt gctatcaact tggtcacatc tatgttgggt 60 catttcttca tcattttaca tgggctccgg ccccgggggt taacccggag gatattgact 120 tggaggagag ccctggaaca gtaacttaca tgaaaaatcc aatacaagct attccaactc 180 caagattgcc tgcacacttg tatggacgtg tgccagtgga tatgtaaaac attttgttct 240 ttcccttttt ggttatatga tgagat 266 44 47 PRT Nicotiana 44 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ala Gln Leu Ala Ile Asn Leu Val Thr 1 5 10 15 Ser Met Leu Gly His Leu Phe Ile Ile Leu His Gly Leu Arg Pro Arg 20 25 30 Gly Leu Thr Arg Arg Ile Leu Thr Trp Arg Arg Ala Leu Glu Gln 35 40 45 45 360 DNA Nicotiana 45 gggaggaggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacacct aacaatggca 60 catttgatcc agggtttcaa ttacagaact ccaactgatg agccccttgg atatgaaaga 120 aggtgcaggc ataactatac gtaaggtaaa tcctgtgaaa gtgataatta cgcctcgctt 180 ggcacctgag ctttattaaa atctaagatg tttcatcttg gttgatcatt gtttaatact 240 cctagatggg tattcatcta ccttttttca attagttgtc ggtacgtatt tttttaattt 300 ggtaagtttg taataataag taaagaagga ttgtgctaat aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 360 46 65 PRT Nicotiana 46 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Arg Thr Pro Thr 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Lys Val Ile Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 47 244 DNA Nicotiana 47 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg aatgctttgg agtgcgagta tagtgcgcgt cagctaccta 60 acttgtattt atagattcca agtatatgct gggtctgtgt tcagagtagc atgaacaggc 120 ctttcctgtt tgttgaattt accccatatg tttattgcag caggaacttg agttgagaca 180 ttagagattg ctggtatata tttttaagag cttgctcgtt ttgtaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 240 aaaa 244 48 38 PRT Nicotiana 48 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Leu Trp Ser Ala Ser Ile Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Ser Tyr Leu Thr Cys Ile Tyr Arg Phe Gln Val Tyr Ala Gly 20 25 30 Ser Val Phe Arg Val Ala 35 49 224 DNA Nicotiana 49 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg aatgctttgg agtgcgagta tagtgcgcgt cagctaccta 60 acttgtattt atagattcca agtatatgct gggtctgtgt tcagagtagc atgaacaggc 120 ctttcctgtt tgttgaattt accccatatg tttattgcag caggaacttg agttgagaca 180 ttagagattg ctggtatata tttttaagag cttctcgttt tgta 224 50 38 PRT Nicotiana 50 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Leu Trp Ser Ala Ser Ile Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Ser Tyr Leu Thr Cys Ile Tyr Arg Phe Gln Val Tyr Ala Gly 20 25 30 Ser Val Phe Arg Val Ala 35 51 340 DNA Nicotiana 51 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg tatgcaactt cggctttatg cattggaaat ggctgtggcc 60 catcttcttc attgttttac ttgggaattg ccagatggta tgaaaccaag tgagcttaaa 120 atggatgata tttttggact cactgctcca agagctaatc gactcgtggc tgtgcctact 180 ccacgtttgt tgtgtcccct ttattaattg aagaaaaaag gtggggcttt tacttgcatc 240 aaagagtggt gcttgtgatt tttccacctt ttggttaaat atacgaatta ttatgatata 300 cgaattcttg ggcacaaaaa aggagcatac gacatggtta 340 52 68 PRT Nicotiana 52 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Gln Leu Gly Leu Tyr Ala Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Met Ala Val Ala His Leu Leu His Cys Phe Thr Trp Glu Leu Pro Asp 20 25 30 Gly Met Lys Pro Ser Glu Leu Lys Met Asp Asp Ile Phe Gly Leu Thr 35 40 45 Ala Pro Arg Ala Asn Arg Leu Val Ala Val Pro Thr Pro Arg Leu Leu 50 55 60 Cys Pro Leu Tyr 65 53 246 DNA Nicotiana 53 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg aatgctttgg agtgcgagta tagtgcgcgt cagctaccta 60 acttgtattt atagattcca agtatatgct gggtctgtgt tcagagtagc atgaacaggc 120 ctttcctgtt tgttgaattt acctcatatg tttattgcag gaggaacttg agttgagaca 180 ttagagattg ctggtatata tttttaagag cttgctcgtt ttgtaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 240 aaaaaa 246 54 37 PRT Nicotiana 54 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Leu Trp Ser Ala Ser Ile Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Tyr Leu Thr Cys Ile Tyr Arg Phe Gln Val Tyr Ala Gly Ser 20 25 30 Val Phe Arg Val Ala 35 55 358 DNA Nicotiana 55 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacacct aacaatggca 60 catttgatcc agggtttcaa ttacagaact ccaactgatg agcccttgga tatgaaagaa 120 ggtgcaggca taactatacg taaggtaaat cctgtgaaag tgataattac gcctcgcttg 180 gcacctgagc tttattaaaa tctaagatgt ttcatcttgg ttgatcattg tttaatactc 240 ctagatgggt attcatctac cttttttcaa ttagttgtcg gtacgtattt ttttaatttg 300 gtaagtttgt aataataagt aaagaaggat tgtgctaata aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 358 56 65 PRT Nicotiana 56 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Arg Thr Pro Thr 20 25 30 Asp Glu Pro Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Lys Val Ile Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 57 290 DNA Nicotiana 57 gggcggcggg ggtgcccggg tgcacaactt gctatcaact tggtcacact tatgttgggt 60 catttgttgc atcattttac gtgggctccg cccccggggg ttaacccgga gaatattgac 120 ttggaggaga gccctggaac agtaacttac atgaaaaatc caatacaagc tattcctact 180 ccaagattgc ctgcacactt gtatggacgt gtgccagtgg atatgtaaaa cattttgttc 240 ttttcctttt tggcttattt ttttagtatt aatttcttga acacttgatg 290 58 75 PRT Nicotiana 58 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ala Gln Leu Ala Ile Asn Leu Val Thr 1 5 10 15 Ser Met Leu Gly His Leu Leu His His Phe Thr Trp Ala Pro Pro Pro 20 25 30 Gly Val Asn Pro Glu Asn Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Ser Pro Gly Thr Val 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Met Lys Asn Pro Ile Gln Ala Ile Pro Thr Pro Arg Leu Pro 50 55 60 Ala His Leu Tyr Gly Arg Val Pro Val Asp Met 65 70 75 59 347 DNA Nicotiana 59 gggcggaggg ggtgtccggg agaaggattg gctgttcgaa tggttgcctt gtcattggga 60 tgtattattc aatgttttga ttggcaacga atcggcgaag aattggttga tatgactgaa 120 ggaactggac ttactttgcc taaagctcaa cctttggtgg ccaagtgtag cccacgacct 180 aaaatggcta atcttctctc tcagatttga acataattgg tttctaccaa catccccaca 240 actagaattt tattattggt aacctatatc aatgtaatca attttaaacc atattatatc 300 tcaatgtatt ccttttttat ttgtttaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa 347 60 69 PRT Nicotiana 60 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Glu Gly Leu Ala Val Arg Met Val Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser Leu Gly Cys Ile Ile Gln Cys Phe Asp Trp Gln Arg Ile Gly 20 25 30 Glu Glu Leu Val Asp Met Thr Glu Gly Thr Gly Leu Thr Leu Pro Lys 35 40 45 Ala Gln Pro Leu Val Ala Lys Cys Ser Pro Arg Pro Lys Met Ala Asn 50 55 60 Leu Leu Ser Gln Ile 65 61 314 DNA Nicotiana 61 gggaggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacacct aacaatggca 60 catttaatcc aggtttcaat tacaaaactc caaatgacga ggccttggat atgaaggaag 120 gtgcaggcat aactatacgt aaggtaaatc ctgtggaact gataatagcg cctcgcctgg 180 cacctgagct ttattaaaac ctaagatctt tcatcttggt tgatcattgt ataatactcc 240 taaatggata ttcatttacc ttttatcaat taattgtcag tacgagtttt tctaaaaaaa 300 aaaaaaaaaa aaaa 314 62 65 PRT Nicotiana 62 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Lys Thr Pro Met 20 25 30 Asp Glu Ala Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Glu Leu Ile Ile Ala Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 63 400 DNA Nicotiana 63 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gatgacttat gcattgcaag tggaacacct aacaatggca 60 catttaatcc agggtttcaa ttacaaaact ccaaatgacg aggccttgga tatgaaggaa 120 ggtgcaggca taacaatacg taaggtaaat ccagtggaat tgataataac gcctcgcttg 180 gcacctgagc tttactaaaa cctaagatct ttcatcttgg ttgatcattg tttaatactc 240 ctagatgggt attcatttac cttttttcaa ttaattgcat gtacgagctt ttttaatttg 300 gtatatttgt aacaataagt aaagaatgat tgtgctaata tataaagatt tgcagaagat 360 aattgactga ttgtaccaca atttcaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 400 64 65 PRT Nicotiana 64 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Lys Thr Pro Asn 20 25 30 Asp Glu Ala Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr Ile Arg Lys 35 40 45 Val Asn Pro Val Glu Leu Ile Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Leu 50 55 60 Tyr 65 65 395 DNA Nicotiana 65 gggaggaggg ggtgtccggg gatttcgttt ggtttagcta atgcttattt gccattggct 60 caattacttt atcactttga ttgggaactc cccactggaa tcaaaccaag cgacttggac 120 ttgactgagt tggttggagt aactgccgct agaaaaagtg acctttactt ggttgcgact 180 ccttatcaac ctcctcaaaa ctgatttaat gactttagtg ttttcaattt tttatttcct 240 agtaaacccc actgttgtcc tatctttctt ttggtgtttt tctgatttta tctactctaa 300 tacatgtatc ttttaccata taggaatgta tcgtgttgtc aaataacatt ttctgtttat 360 ctcaaatttt ggaataaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa 395 66 67 PRT Nicotiana 66 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ile Ser Phe Gly Leu Ala Asn Ala Tyr 1 5 10 15 Leu Pro Leu Ala Gln Leu Leu Tyr His Phe Asp Trp Glu Leu Pro Thr 20 25 30 Gly Ile Lys Pro Ser Asp Leu Asp Leu Thr Glu Leu Val Gly Val Thr 35 40 45 Ala Ala Arg Lys Ser Asp Leu Tyr Leu Val Ala Thr Pro Tyr Gln Pro 50 55 60 Pro Gln Asn 65 67 288 DNA Nicotiana 67 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg gataggtttt gcgactttag tgacacatct gacttttggt 60 cgcttgcttc aaggttttga ttttagtaag ccatcaaaca cgccaattga catgacagaa 120 ggcgtaggcg ttactttgcc taaggttaat caagttgaag ttctaattac ccctcgttta 180 ccttctaagc tttatttatt ttgaaagtgc aaatcatcaa tcatgggttg agtaattagt 240 gatactttaa tatgtttctc atgtaaatgt tatggggccg tatatgga 288 68 68 PRT Nicotiana 68 Gly Arg Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ile Gly Phe Ala Thr Leu Val Thr 1 5 10 15 His Leu Thr Phe Gly Arg Leu Leu Gln Gly Phe Asp Phe Ser Lys Pro 20 25 30 Ser Asn Thr Pro Ile Asp Met Thr Glu Gly Val Gly Val Thr Leu Pro 35 40 45 Lys Val Asn Gln Val Glu Val Leu Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Pro Ser Lys 50 55 60 Leu Tyr Leu Phe 65 69 321 DNA Nicotiana 69 gggcggaggg ggtgtccggg agaaggttgg ctgttcgaat ggttgccttg tcattgggat 60 gtattgttca atgttttgat tggcaacgaa tcggcgaaga attggttgat atgactgaag 120 gaactggact tactttgcct aaagctcaac ctttggtggc caagtgtagc ccacgaccta 180 aaatggctaa tcttctctct cagatttgaa cataattggt ttctaccaac atccccacaa 240 ctagaatttt attattggta acctatatca atgtaatcaa ttttaaacca tattatatct 300 caatgtattc cttttttatt t 321 70 69 PRT Nicotiana 70 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Glu Gly Leu Ala Val Arg Met Val Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser Leu Gly Cys Ile Ile Gln Cys Phe Asp Trp Gln Arg Thr Gly 20 25 30 Glu Glu Leu Val Asp Met Thr Glu Gly Thr Gly Leu Thr Leu Pro Lys 35 40 45 Ala Gln Pro Leu Val Ala Lys Cys Ser Pro Arg Pro Lys Met Ala Asn 50 55 60 Leu Leu Ser Gln Ile 65 71 244 DNA Nicotiana 71 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg aatgctttgg agtgcgagta tagtgcgcgt cagctaccta 60 acttgtattt atagattcca agtatatgct gggtctgtgt ccagagtagc atgaacaggc 120 ctttcctgtt tgttgaattt acctcatatg tttattgcag caggaacttg agttgagaca 180 ttagagattg ctggtatata tttttaagag cttgctcgtt ttgtaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 240 aaaa 244 72 37 PRT Nicotiana 72 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Leu Trp Ser Ala Ser Ile Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Tyr Leu Thr Cys Ile Tyr Arg Phe Gln Val Tyr Ala Gly Ser 20 25 30 Val Ser Arg Val Ala 35 73 419 DNA Nicotiana 73 gggaggaggg ggtgtccggg ctatagcctt ggacttaagg ttatccgagt aacattagcc 60 aacatgttgc atggattcaa ctggaaatta cctgaaggta tgaagccaga agatataagt 120 gtggaagaac attatgggct cactacacat cctaagtttc ctgttcctgt gatcttggaa 180 tctagacttt cttcagatct ctattccccc atcacttaat cctaagtggc ttcctattat 240 agcatcatat caatatccct ctaataaata gaggatagtt gtcataggaa ggaacctatg 300 cctaaagttt tggattacta ctaaaactga acaactttta ggtttttgtc tattctgttc 360 cctaaacaaa agaagacatc tatcaataaa atagctctta tatctaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 419 74 72 PRT Nicotiana 74 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Lys Val Ile Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Thr Leu Ala Asn Met Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Lys Leu Pro Glu 20 25 30 Gly Met Lys Pro Glu Asp Ile Ser Val Glu Glu His Tyr Gly Leu Thr 35 40 45 Thr His Pro Lys Phe Pro Val Pro Val Ile Leu Glu Ser Arg Leu Ser 50 55 60 Ser Asp Leu Tyr Ser Pro Ile Thr 65 70 75 364 DNA Nicotiana 75 gggaggaggg ggtgtccggg aatgctattt ggtttagcta atgttgggac aagctttagc 60 tcagttactt tatcacttcg attggaaact ccctaatgga caaagtcatg agaatttcga 120 catgactgag tcacctggaa tttctgctac aagaaaggat gatcttgttt tgattgccac 180 tccttatgat tcttattaag cagtagcaga aataaaaagc cggggcaaac agaaaaaagt 240 attgctgctt ctaggtattt tctattggat aaatttcaaa attcatccac aatatttagt 300 gtttgctaga gttggtcagt tttccagtct atatcatcta tatgtactca ataattgtat 360 ggga 364 76 65 PRT Nicotiana 76 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Leu Phe Gly Leu Ala Asn Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Pro Leu Ala Gln Leu Leu Tyr His Phe Asp Trp Lys Leu Pro Asn 20 25 30 Gly Gln Ser His Glu Asn Phe Asp Met Thr Glu Ser Pro Gly Ile Ser 35 40 45 Ala Thr Arg Lys Asp Asp Leu Val Leu Ile Ala Thr Pro Tyr Asp Ser 50 55 60 Tyr 65 77 445 DNA Nicotiana 77 gggcggcggg ggtgcccggg ttatagcttg gggctcaagg tgattcaagc tagcttagct 60 aatcttctac atggatttaa ctggtcattg cctgataata tgactcctga ggacctcaac 120 atggatgaga tttttgggct ctctacacct aaaaaatttc cacttgctac tgtgattgag 180 ccaagacttt caccaaaact ttactctgtt tgattcagca gttctatggt tccgtcaaga 240 tagactttgt tacgtttgaa cctgtgctct aaatcttttg taatggtatc gtctactcat 300 ccaacttaaa tcttgtatct ttttctttgc ttgaaagtgg ttttaatagt gaacacacaa 360 gtatttatgt atgtatgtta taatgcagtt atattttcag aaataataac attacagtgt 420 tgtgttaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa 445 78 70 PRT Nicotiana 78 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Lys Val Ile Gln 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser Leu Pro Asp 20 25 30 Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp Leu Asn Met Asp Glu Ile Phe Gly Leu Ser 35 40 45 Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro Arg Leu Ser 50 55 60 Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 65 70 79 434 DNA Nicotiana 79 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg aatgctttgg agtgcgagta tagtgcgcgt cagctaccta 60 acttgtattt atagattcca agtatatgct gggtctgtgt tcagagtagc atgaacaggc 120 ctttcctgtt tgttgaattt acctcatatg tttattgcag caggaacttg agttgagaca 180 ttagagattg ctggtatata tttttaagag cttgctcgtt ttgtacatgt tccttttaga 240 gtaggacctt accgttgatt tcccttcagc agattttaga cgaaactttt aatttgcgat 300 tttatgttca ccctatatgg gaaagtatgg cacgttgtcc tcacgggcta tattgaagag 360 aagtggtaac tatgtattag caagatctat atctaattta ccgttaattt cttcaaaaaa 420 aaaaaaaaaa aaaa 434 80 37 PRT Nicotiana 80 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Met Leu Trp Ser Ala Ser Ile Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Tyr Leu Thr Cys Ile Tyr Arg Phe Gln Val Tyr Ala Gly Ser 20 25 30 Val Phe Arg Val Ala 35 81 451 DNA Nicotiana 81 gggaggcggg ggtgcccggg ttatagcttg gggctcaagg tgattcaagc tagcttagct 60 aatcttctac atggattaac tggtcattgc ctgataatat gactcctgag gacctcaaca 120 tggatgagat ttttgggctc tctacaccta aaaaatttcc acttgctact gtgattgagc 180 caagactttc accaaaactt tactctgttt gattcaggag ttctatggtt ccgtcaagat 240 agactttgtt acgtttgaac ctgtgctcta aatcctttgt aatggtatcg tctacttatc 300 caacttaaat cttgtatctt tttctttgct tgaaagtggt tttaatagtg aacacacaag 360 tatttatgta tgtatgttat aatgcagtta tattttcaga aataataaca ttacagtgtt 420 gtgtttgtaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa a 451 82 70 PRT Nicotiana 82 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Lys Val Ile Gln 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser Leu Pro Asp 20 25 30 Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp Leu Asn Met Asp Glu Ile Phe Gly Leu Ser 35 40 45 Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro Arg Leu Ser 50 55 60 Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 65 70 83 449 DNA Nicotiana 83 gggaggcggg ggtgcccggg ttatagcttg gggctcaagg tgattcaagc tagcttagct 60 aatcttctac atggattaac tggtcattgc ctgataatat gactcctgag gacctcaaca 120 tggatgagat ttttgggctc tctacaccta aaaaatttcc acttgctact gtgattgagc 180 caagactttc accaaaactt tactctgttt gattcaggag ttctatggtt ccgtcaagat 240 agactttgtt acgtttgaac ctgtgctcta aatcctttgt aatggtatcg tctacttatc 300 caacttaaat cttgtatctt tttctttgct tgaaagtggt tttaatagtg aacacacaag 360 tatttatgta tgtatgttat aatgcagtta tattttcaga aataataaca ttacagtgtt 420 gtgtttgtaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 449 84 70 PRT Nicotiana 84 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Lys Val Ile Gln 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser Leu Pro Asp 20 25 30 Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp Leu Asn Met Asp Glu Ile Phe Gly Leu Ser 35 40 45 Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro Arg Leu Ser 50 55 60 Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 65 70 85 451 DNA Nicotiana 85 gggaggcggg ggtgcccggg ttatagcttg gggctcaagg tgattcaagc tagcttagct 60 aatcttctac atggattaac tggtcattgc ctgataatat gactcctgag gacctcaaca 120 tggatgagat ttttgggctc tctacaccta aaaaatttcc acttgctact gtgattgagc 180 caagactttc accaaaactt tactctgttt gattcaggag ttctatggtt ccgtcaagat 240 agactttgtt acgtttgaac ctgtgctcta aatcctttgt aatggtatcg tctacttatc 300 caacttaaat cttgtatctt tttctttgct tgaaagtggt tttaatagtg aacacacaag 360 tatttatgta tgtatgttat aatgcagtta tattttcaga aataataaca ttacagtgtt 420 gtgtttgttc taaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa a 451 86 70 PRT Nicotiana 86 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Lys Val Ile Gln 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser Leu Pro Asp 20 25 30 Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp Leu Asn Met Asp Glu Ile Phe Gly Leu Ser 35 40 45 Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro Arg Leu Ser 50 55 60 Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 65 70 87 344 DNA Nicotiana 87 gggaggaggg ggtgtccggg aattatactt gcattgccaa ttcttggcat cagtttggga 60 cgtttggttc agaactttga gctgttgcct cctccaggcc agtcgaagct cgacaccaca 120 gagaaaggtg gacagttcag tctccacatt ttgaagcatt ccaccattgt gttgaaacca 180 aggtctttct gaactttgtg atcttattaa ttaaggggtt ctgaagaaat ttgatagtgt 240 tggatatttt tatttgatta aagacgttga agtttgacag agaacattct tctttttatg 300 ttatatatag tcttgttgga ctaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa 344 88 63 PRT Nicotiana 88 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Ile Ile Leu Ala Leu Pro Ile Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Ile Thr Leu Glu Arg Leu Val Gln Asn Phe Glu Leu Leu Pro Pro Pro 20 25 30 Gly Gln Ser Lys Leu Asp Thr Thr Glu Lys Gly Gly Gln Phe Ser Leu 35 40 45 His Ile Leu Lys His Ser Thr Ile Val Leu Lys Pro Arg Ser Phe 50 55 60 89 234 DNA Nicotiana 89 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggg atacagtctt gggattcgta taattagggc aactttagct 60 aacttgttgc atggattcaa ctggagattg cctaatggta tgagtccaga agacattagc 120 atggaagaga tttatgggct aattacacac cccaaagtcg cacttgacgt gatgatggag 180 cctcgacttc ccaaccatct ttacaaatag tggataatta aaaccattaa aatc 234 90 69 PRT Nicotiana 90 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ile Arg Ile Ile Arg 1 5 10 15 Ala Thr Leu Ala Asn Leu Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Arg Leu Pro Asn 20 25 30 Gly Met Ser Pro Glu Asp Ile Ser Met Glu Glu Ile Tyr Gly Leu Ile 35 40 45 Thr His Pro Lys Val Ala Leu Asp Val Met Met Glu Pro Arg Leu Pro 50 55 60 Asn His Leu Tyr Lys 65 91 137 DNA Nicotiana 91 gggcggcggg ggtgtccggc cctgtgcttt ccatgtttaa tctctagtta tatactggct 60 ttgaatgtga atctgtatca taatttcttg caaatttctc cttccatttc ttattaaaaa 120 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa 137 92 38 PRT Nicotiana 92 Gly Arg Arg Gly Cys Pro Ala Leu Cys Phe Pro Cys Leu Ile Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Tyr Ile Leu Ala Leu Asn Val Asn Leu Tyr His Asn Phe Leu Gln Ile 20 25 30 Ser Pro Ser Ile Ser Tyr 35 93 364 DNA Nicotiana 93 cacgaaaagt ccattgatgt taaaggacat gattttgagc ttttgccatt tggagctggg 60 agaaggatgt gcccgggtta taacttgggg cttaaggtga ttcaagctag cttagctaat 120 cttatacatg gatttaactg gtcattgcct gataatatga ctcctgagga cctcgacatg 180 gatgagattt ttgggctctc cacacctaaa aagtttccac ttgctactgt gattgagcca 240 agactttcac ctaaacttta ctctgtttga ttcagcactt ctgtggttcc atcaagatag 300 actctttgtt atgtttgaac tcgtgcttta tatcttttgt aatggtatcg tctaatatcg 360 aatt 364 94 89 PRT Nicotiana 94 His Glu Lys Ser Ile Asp Val Lys Gly His Asp Phe Glu Leu Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Arg Arg Met Cys Pro Gly Tyr Asn Leu Gly Leu Lys 20 25 30 Val Ile Gln Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Ile His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser 35 40 45 Leu Pro Asp Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp Leu Asp Met Asp Glu Ile Phe 50 55 60 Gly Leu Ser Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Arg Leu Ser Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 85 95 335 DNA Nicotiana 95 catgaaaagt ccatagatgt taaaggacat gattatgagc ttttgccatt tggagcgggg 60 agaagaatgt gcccgggtta tagcttgggg ctcaaggtga ttcaagctag cttagctaat 120 cttctacatg gatttaactg gtcattgcct gataatatga ctcctgagga cctcaacatg 180 gatgagattt ttgggctctc tacacctaaa aaatttccac ttgctaccgt gattgagcca 240 agactttcac caaaacttta ctctgtttga ttcagcagtt ctatggttcc gtcaagatag 300 actttgttac gtttgaacct gtgctctaaa tcttt 335 96 89 PRT Nicotiana 96 His Glu Lys Ser Ile Asp Val Lys Gly His Asp Tyr Glu Leu Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Arg Arg Met Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Lys 20 25 30 Val Ile Gln Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser 35 40 45 Leu Pro Asp Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp Leu Asn Met Asp Glu Ile Phe 50 55 60 Gly Leu Ser Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Arg Leu Ser Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 85 97 473 DNA Nicotiana 97 agtgatggaa tatccaaagc aacaaaagga aaacttgtgt tttttccatt tagttggggt 60 ccaagaatat gtattgggca aaattttgct atgttagagg ctaaaatggc aatggctatg 120 attctgaaaa cctatgcatt tgaactctct ccatcttatg ctcatgctcc tcatccacta 180 ctacttcaac ctcaatatgg tgctcaatta attttgtaca agttgtagat atggtcaatt 240 tggaacttgt tatggaactt ttatcatcgt aatcaaccat attgagggaa catggtttga 300 ggttaaatcc tcgtgtgtgt gtcgctggtc gttgttatta ccctctctac tcttcggggt 360 agggatagtg tctgcgtaca tattaccctc cccagacccc acttgtggga ttatactggg 420 tggttgttat tgttgttgtt gtactctctc aggttgtttc ttgttgacca gcc 473 98 75 PRT Nicotiana 98 Ser Asp Gly Ile Ser Lys Ala Thr Lys Gly Lys Leu Val Phe Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Trp Gly Pro Arg Ile Cys Ile Gly Gln Asn Phe Ala Met Leu 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Met Ala Met Ile Leu Lys Thr Tyr Ala Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Ala His Ala Pro His Pro Leu Leu Leu Gln Pro 50 55 60 Gln Tyr Gly Ala Gln Leu Ile Leu Tyr Lys Leu 65 70 75 99 367 DNA Nicotiana 99 catggaaagt ccatagatgt taaaggacat gattatgagc ttttgccatt tggagcgggg 60 agaagaatgt gcccgggtta tagcttgggg ctcaaggtga ttcaagctag cttagctaat 120 cttctacatg gatttaactg gtcattgcct gataatatga ctcctgagga cctcaacatg 180 gatgagattt ttgggctctc tacacctaaa aaatttccac ttgctactgt gattgagcca 240 agactttcac caaaacttta ctctgtttga ttcagcagtt ctatggttcc gtcaagatag 300 actttgttac gtttgaacct gtgctctaaa tcttttgtaa tggtatcgtc tacttatcca 360 acttaaa 367 100 89 PRT Nicotiana 100 His Gly Lys Ser Ile Asp Val Lys Gly His Asp Tyr Glu Leu Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Arg Arg Met Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Lys 20 25 30 Val Ile Gln Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser 35 40 45 Leu Pro Asp Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp Leu Asn Met Asp Glu Ile Phe 50 55 60 Gly Leu Ser Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Arg Leu Ser Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 85 101 304 DNA Nicotiana 101 gctgagggaa ttgcaacagc aacaaagaac agactttgtt tcttgccttt cagttggggt 60 cctcgtattt gcattggtaa taattttgca atgttggaaa ctaagattgc cttagcaatg 120 atcctacagc gttttgcttt cgagctttct ccatcttacg ctcatgcacc tacttatgtc 180 gtcactcttc gacctcagtg tggtgctcac ttaatcttgc aaaaattata ggtccttaat 240 ctggatttcc cattattgag tagtgcctaa taaatcttct ctatcactat ttttccatct 300 ttca 304 102 76 PRT Nicotiana 102 Ala Glu Gly Ile Ala Thr Ala Thr Lys Asn Arg Leu Cys Phe Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Trp Gly Pro Arg Ile Cys Ile Gly Asn Asn Phe Ala Met Leu 20 25 30 Glu Thr Lys Ile Ala Leu Ala Met Ile Leu Gln Arg Phe Ala Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Ala His Ala Pro Thr Tyr Val Val Thr Leu Arg 50 55 60 Pro Gln Cys Gly Ala His Leu Ile Leu Gln Lys Leu 65 70 75 103 297 DNA Nicotiana 103 agtgaaggag ttaataaagc aacaaagggt aaatttgcat attttccatt tagttgggga 60 ccaagaatat gtgttggact gaattttgca atgttagagg caaaaatggc acttgcattg 120 attctacaac actatgcttt tgagctctct ccatcttatg cacacgctcc tcatacaatt 180 atcactctgc aacctcaaca tggtgctcct ttgattttgc gcaagctgta gcgcggatat 240 attgattggt tatctactgt aggttactaa aacatatatc atgttttttg gtcgtag 297 104 76 PRT Nicotiana 104 Ser Glu Gly Val Asn Lys Ala Thr Lys Gly Lys Phe Ala Tyr Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Trp Gly Pro Arg Ile Cys Val Gly Leu Asn Phe Ala Met Leu 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Leu Ala Leu Ile Leu Gln His Tyr Ala Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Ala His Ala Pro His Thr Ile Ile Thr Leu Gln 50 55 60 Pro Gln His Gly Ala Pro Leu Ile Leu Arg Lys Leu 65 70 75 105 368 DNA Nicotiana 105 aaagaaggag tgtctaaggc aacaaacgga caagtctcat ttataccatt tagctgggga 60 cctcgtgttt gcattggaca aaactttgca atgatggaag caaaaatggc agtagctatg 120 atactacaaa aattttcctt tgaactatcc ccttcttata cacatgctcc atttgcaatt 180 gtgactattc atcctcagta tggtgctcct ctgcttatgc gcagacttta aaacatatat 240 tgctgatatt taagatcagt ggcgttttat tctccatgta tctttctaat actaaatagt 300 tgtgtgatgc ctagcgtcgc acttttcgaa ttttaacatt gttgttttga aatgttatca 360 atgtaatc 368 106 76 PRT Nicotiana 106 Lys Glu Gly Val Ser Lys Ala Thr Asn Gly Gln Val Ser Phe Ile Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Trp Gly Pro Arg Val Cys Ile Gly Gln Asn Phe Ala Met Met 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Val Ala Met Ile Leu Gln Lys Phe Ser Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Thr His Ala Pro Phe Ala Ile Val Thr Ile His 50 55 60 Pro Gln Tyr Gly Ala Pro Leu Leu Met Arg Arg Leu 65 70 75 107 351 DNA Nicotiana 107 gaaggactag aaggtgttag agatggttac aaaatgatgc cttttggttc tggacgaagg 60 agttgtcctg gagaaggatt ggctattcga atggttgcat tgtcattggg atgtattatt 120 caatgctttg attggcaacg acttggggaa ggattggttg ataagactga aggaactgga 180 cttactttgc ctaaagctca acctttagtg gccaagtgta gcccacgacc tataatggct 240 aatcttcttt ctcagatttg aacataattg gtttctacca aacatcccca aactagaata 300 ttattattgg ttacatatac aatgtaatca attttgaacc atattatatc t 351 108 86 PRT Nicotiana 108 Glu Gly Leu Glu Gly Val Arg Asp Gly Tyr Lys Met Met Pro Phe Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Gly Arg Arg Ser Cys Pro Gly Glu Gly Leu Ala Ile Arg Met Val 20 25 30 Ala Leu Ser Leu Gly Cys Ile Ile Gln Cys Phe Asp Trp Gln Arg Leu 35 40 45 Gly Glu Gly Leu Val Asp Lys Thr Glu Gly Thr Gly Leu Thr Leu Pro 50 55 60 Lys Ala Gln Pro Leu Val Ala Lys Cys Ser Pro Arg Pro Ile Met Ala 65 70 75 80 Asn Leu Leu Ser Gln Ile 85 109 253 DNA Nicotiana 109 tctgaagggg tatcaaaagc tgcaaaagag cagatgtatt ttccgtttgg ttggggtcct 60 cggatgtgca ttgggatgaa ctttggcatg ttagaagcca agctgatttt atctcaaatt 120 ctgcagcgct tttggtttga gctctctcct tcctacactc atgcccctct gttgactctg 180 attatgagac cttagtatgg tgctcagaca attgtccaca aactttgact agaggttttg 240 tatgtgagtc gta 253 110 64 PRT Nicotiana 110 Ser Glu Gly Val Ser Lys Ala Ala Lys Glu Gln Met Tyr Phe Pro Phe 1 5 10 15 Gly Trp Gly Pro Arg Met Cys Ile Gly Met Asn Phe Gly Met Leu Glu 20 25 30 Ala Lys Leu Ile Leu Ser Gln Ile Leu Gln Arg Phe Trp Phe Glu Leu 35 40 45 Ser Pro Ser Tyr Thr His Ala Pro Leu Leu Thr Leu Ile Met Arg Pro 50 55 60 111 316 DNA Nicotiana 111 ttgtcaagtg caacaaaggg tcaacttaca tattttccat ttggctgggg tcctagaata 60 tgtattggac aaaattttgc catgttagaa gcaaagatgg ctctgtctat gatcctgcaa 120 cgcttctctt ttgaactgtc tccgtcttat gcacatgccc ctcagtccat attaaccgtt 180 cagccacaat atggtgctcc acttattttc cacaagctat aatttggtac ttgtgaaagg 240 tgtcttgtac aatatgttag tagagtttat tcagacttag atacatgctt caacatggtt 300 ttagtgtcaa gagttc 316 112 73 PRT Nicotiana 112 Leu Ser Ser Ala Thr Lys Gly Gln Leu Thr Tyr Phe Pro Phe Gly Trp 1 5 10 15 Gly Pro Arg Ile Cys Ile Gly Gln Asn Phe Ala Met Leu Glu Ala Lys 20 25 30 Met Ala Leu Ser Met Ile Leu Gln Arg Phe Ser Phe Glu Leu Ser Pro 35 40 45 Ser Tyr Ala His Ala Pro Gln Ser Ile Leu Thr Val Gln Pro Gln Tyr 50 55 60 Gly Ala Pro Leu Ile Phe His Lys Leu 65 70 113 268 DNA Nicotiana 113 agcgaagggg tggcaaaggc aacaaagggg aaaatgacat attttccatt tggtgcagga 60 ccgcgaaaat gcattgggca aaacttcgcg attttggaag caaaaatggc tatagctatg 120 attctacaac gcttctcctt cgagctctcc ccatcttata cacactctcc atacactgtg 180 gtcactttga aacccaaata tggtgctccc ctaataatgc acaggctgta gtcctgtgag 240 aatatgctat ccgaggaatt cagttcct 268 114 76 PRT Nicotiana 114 Ser Glu Gly Val Ala Lys Ala Thr Lys Gly Lys Met Thr Tyr Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Pro Arg Lys Cys Ile Gly Gln Asn Phe Ala Ile Leu 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Ile Ala Met Ile Leu Gln Arg Phe Ser Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Thr His Ser Pro Tyr Thr Val Val Thr Leu Lys 50 55 60 Pro Lys Tyr Gly Ala Pro Leu Ile Met His Arg Leu 65 70 75 115 363 DNA Nicotiana 115 agtgaaggcg tttcaaaggc aacaaagggc caaatggcgt ttttcccatt tggtgcagga 60 cctcggatat gcattgggat aaactttgca atggcagaag cgaagatggc tatggctatg 120 attctgcaac gcttctcctt tgagctatct ccatcttaca cacatgctcc acagtctgta 180 ataactatgc aaccccaata tggtgctcct cttatattgc acaaattgta agtgtttaag 240 acttacatga attgccttat cggatgaata gctatgtcaa gcaaacataa gttgagatat 300 tttgcaacta tggtctctgc tttgattcga tcacaggcta gattattcaa ttcgcgtttg 360 ttt 363 116 87 PRT Nicotiana 116 Ser Glu Gly Val Ser Lys Ala Thr Lys Gly Gln Met Ala Phe Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Pro Arg Ile Cys Ile Gly Ile Asn Phe Ala Met Ala 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Met Ala Met Ile Leu Gln Arg Phe Ser Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Thr His Ala Pro Gln Ser Val Ile Thr Met Gln 50 55 60 Pro Gln Tyr Gly Ala Pro Leu Ile Leu His Lys Leu Val Phe Lys Thr 65 70 75 80 Tyr Met Asn Cys Leu Ile Gly 85 117 354 DNA Nicotiana 117 caatgttctg tagatatttt tggtaataat tttgagtttc ttccctttgg cgggggacgg 60 agaatttgtc ctggaatgtc atttggttta gctaatcttt acttaccatt ggctcaatta 120 ctctatcact ttgactggaa actcccaacc ggaatcaagc caagagactt ggacttgacc 180 gaattatcgg gaataactat tgctagaaag ggtgaccttt acttaaatgc tactccttat 240 caaccttctc gagagtaatt tactattggc ataaacattt taaatttcct tcatcaacct 300 caatattgta caataatcat tcttctggtg ttataggctt tatcgatttc caat 354 118 85 PRT Nicotiana 118 Gln Cys Ser Val Asp Ile Phe Gly Asn Asn Phe Glu Phe Leu Pro Phe 1 5 10 15 Gly Gly Gly Arg Arg Ile Cys Pro Gly Met Ser Phe Gly Leu Ala Asn 20 25 30 Leu Tyr Leu Pro Leu Ala Gln Leu Leu Tyr His Phe Asp Trp Lys Leu 35 40 45 Pro Thr Gly Ile Lys Pro Arg Asp Leu Asp Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ile Thr Ile Ala Arg Lys Gly Asp Leu Tyr Leu Asn Ala Thr Pro Tyr 65 70 75 80 Gln Pro Ser Arg Glu 85 119 259 DNA Nicotiana 119 agtgaaggcg tttcaaaggc aacaaagggc caaatggcgt ttttcccatt tggtgcagga 60 cctcggatat gcattgggat aaactttgca atgacagaag cgaagatggc tatggctatg 120 attctgcaac gcttctcctt tgagctatct ccatcttaca cacatgctcc acagtctgta 180 ataactatgc aaccccaata tggtgctcct cttatattgc acaaattgta agtgtttaag 240 acttacatga attgcctta 259 120 76 PRT Nicotiana 120 Ser Glu Gly Val Ser Lys Ala Thr Lys Gly Gln Met Ala Phe Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Pro Arg Ile Cys Ile Gly Ile Asn Phe Ala Met Thr 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Met Ala Met Ile Leu Gln Arg Phe Ser Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Thr His Ala Pro Gln Ser Val Ile Thr Met Gln 50 55 60 Pro Gln Tyr Gly Ala Pro Leu Ile Leu His Lys Leu 65 70 75 121 292 DNA Nicotiana 121 aaagaaggag tgtctaaggc aacaaacgga caagtctcat ttataccatt tagctgggga 60 cctcgtgttt gcattggaca aaactttgca atgatggaag caaaaatggc agtagctatg 120 atactacata aattttcctt tgaactatcc ccttcttata cacatgctcc atttgcaatt 180 gtgactattc atcctcagta tggtgctcct ctgcttatgc gcagacttta aaacatatat 240 tgctgatatt taagatcagt ggcgttttat tctccatgta tctttctaat ac 292 122 76 PRT Nicotiana 122 Lys Glu Gly Val Ser Lys Ala Thr Asn Gly Gln Val Ser Phe Ile Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Trp Gly Pro Arg Val Cys Ile Gly Gln Asn Phe Ala Met Met 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Val Ala Met Ile Leu His Lys Phe Ser Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Thr His Ala Pro Phe Ala Ile Val Thr Ile His 50 55 60 Pro Gln Tyr Gly Ala Pro Leu Leu Met Arg Arg Leu 65 70 75 123 237 DNA Nicotiana 123 agcgaagggg tggcaaaggc aacaaagggg aaaatgacat attttccatt tggtgcagga 60 ccgcgaaaat gcattgggca aaacttcgcg attttggaag caaaaatggc tatagctatg 120 attctacaac gcttctcctt cgagctctct ccatcttata cacactctcc atacactgtg 180 gtcactttga aacccaaata tggtgctccc ctaataatgc acaggctgta gtcctgt 237 124 76 PRT Nicotiana 124 Ser Glu Gly Val Ala Lys Ala Thr Lys Gly Lys Met Thr Tyr Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Pro Arg Lys Cys Ile Gly Gln Asn Phe Ala Ile Leu 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Ile Ala Met Ile Leu Gln Arg Phe Ser Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Thr His Ser Pro Tyr Thr Val Val Thr Leu Lys 50 55 60 Pro Lys Tyr Gly Ala Pro Leu Ile Met His Arg Leu 65 70 75 125 328 DNA Nicotiana 125 gaaggattgg ctgttcgaat ggttgccttg tcattgggat gtattattca atgttttgat 60 tggcaacgaa tcggcgaaga attggttgat atgactgaag gaactggact tactttgcct 120 aaagctcaac ctttggtggc caagtgtagc ccacgaccta aaatggctaa tcttctctct 180 cagatttgaa cataattggt ttctaccaac atccccacaa ctagaatttt attattggta 240 acctatatca atgtaatcaa ttttaaacca tattatatct caatgtattc cttttttatt 300 tgtttaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 328 126 62 PRT Nicotiana 126 Glu Gly Leu Ala Val Arg Met Val Ala Leu Ser Leu Gly Cys Ile Ile 1 5 10 15 Gln Cys Phe Asp Trp Gln Arg Ile Gly Glu Glu Leu Val Asp Met Thr 20 25 30 Glu Gly Thr Gly Leu Thr Leu Pro Lys Ala Gln Pro Leu Val Ala Lys 35 40 45 Cys Ser Pro Arg Pro Lys Met Ala Asn Leu Leu Ser Gln Ile 50 55 60 127 266 DNA Nicotiana 127 atgcaacttg ggctttatgc attggaaatg gctgtggccc atcttcttca ttgttttact 60 tgggaattgc cagatggtat gaaaccaagt gagcttaaaa tggatgatat ttttggactc 120 actgctccaa aagctaatcg actcgtggct gtgcctactc cacgtttgtt gtgtcccctt 180 tattaattga agaaaaaagg tggggctttt acttgcatca aagagtggtg cttgtgattt 240 ttccaccttt tggttaaata tacgaa 266 128 61 PRT Nicotiana 128 Met Gln Leu Gly Leu Tyr Ala Leu Glu Met Ala Val Ala His Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 His Cys Phe Thr Trp Glu Leu Pro Asp Gly Met Lys Pro Ser Glu Leu 20 25 30 Lys Met Asp Asp Ile Phe Gly Leu Thr Ala Pro Lys Ala Asn Arg Leu 35 40 45 Val Ala Val Pro Thr Pro Arg Leu Leu Cys Pro Leu Tyr 50 55 60 129 213 DNA Nicotiana 129 ggtcagcaag ttggacttct tagaacaacc attttcatcg cctcattact gtctgaatat 60 aagctgaaac ctcgctcaca ccagaaacaa gttgaactca ccgatttaaa tccagcaagt 120 tggcttcatt cgataaaagg cgaactgtta gtcgatgcga ttcctcgaaa gaaggcggca 180 ttttaaatct ttaatcttgg cgctgtttta aaa 213 130 61 PRT Nicotiana 130 Gly Gln Gln Val Gly Leu Leu Arg Thr Thr Ile Phe Ile Ala Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser Glu Tyr Lys Leu Lys Pro Arg Ser His Gln Lys Gln Val Glu 20 25 30 Leu Thr Asp Leu Asn Pro Ala Ser Trp Leu His Ser Ile Lys Gly Glu 35 40 45 Leu Leu Val Asp Ala Ile Pro Arg Lys Lys Ala Ala Phe 50 55 60 131 204 DNA Nicotiana 131 ggttataact tggggcttaa ggtgattcaa gctagcttag ctaatcttat acatggattt 60 aactggtcat tgcctgataa tatgactcct gaggacctcg acatggatga gatttttggg 120 ctctccacac ctaaaaagtt tccacttgct actgtgattg agccaagact ttcacctaaa 180 ctttactctg tttgattcag cact 204 132 64 PRT Nicotiana 132 Gly Tyr Asn Leu Gly Leu Lys Val Ile Gln Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu 1 5 10 15 Ile His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser Leu Pro Asp Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp 20 25 30 Leu Asp Met Asp Glu Ile Phe Gly Leu Ser Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro 35 40 45 Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro Arg Leu Ser Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 50 55 60 133 259 DNA Nicotiana 133 atgctatttg gtttagctaa tgttggacaa cctttagctc agttacttta tcacttcgat 60 tggaaactcc ctaatggaca aagtcatgag aatttcgaca tgactgagtc acctggaatt 120 tctgctacaa gaaaggatga tcttgttttg attgccactc cttatgattc ttattaagca 180 gtagcagaaa taaaaagccg gggcaaacag aaaaaagtat tgctgcttct aggtattttc 240 tattggataa atttcaaaa 259 134 58 PRT Nicotiana 134 Met Leu Phe Gly Leu Ala Asn Val Gly Gln Pro Leu Ala Gln Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Tyr His Phe Asp Trp Lys Leu Pro Asn Gly Gln Ser His Glu Asn Phe 20 25 30 Asp Met Thr Glu Ser Pro Gly Ile Ser Ala Thr Arg Lys Asp Asp Leu 35 40 45 Val Leu Ile Ala Thr Pro Tyr Asp Ser Tyr 50 55 135 234 DNA Nicotiana 135 ggaatgcttt ggagtgcgag tatagtgcgc gtcagcatac ctaacttgta tttatagatt 60 ccaagtatat gctgggtctg tgttcagagt agcatgaaca ggcctttcct gtttgttgaa 120 tttacctcat atgtttattg cagcaggaac ttgagttgag acattagaga ttgctggtat 180 atatttttaa gagcttgctc gttttgtaca aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa 234 136 17 PRT Nicotiana 136 Gly Met Leu Trp Ser Ala Ser Ile Val Arg Val Ser Ile Pro Asn Leu 1 5 10 15 Tyr 137 238 DNA Nicotiana 137 ggtattgcac ttggggttgc atccatggaa cttgctttgt caaatcttct ttatgcattt 60 gattgggagt tgccttatgg agtgaaaaaa gaagacatcg acacaaacgt taggcctgga 120 attgccatgc acaagaaaaa cgaactttgc cttgtcccaa aaaattattt ataaattata 180 ttgggacgtg gatctcatgc tagttctgtg cggtcagcta agcttattat ttttggct 238 138 57 PRT Nicotiana 138 Gly Ile Ala Leu Gly Val Ala Ser Met Glu Leu Ala Leu Ser Asn Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Tyr Ala Phe Asp Trp Glu Leu Pro Tyr Gly Val Lys Lys Glu Asp 20 25 30 Ile Asp Thr Asn Val Arg Pro Gly Ile Ala Met His Lys Lys Asn Glu 35 40 45 Leu Cys Leu Val Pro Lys Asn Tyr Leu 50 55 139 313 DNA Nicotiana 139 agtgaaggag ttaataaagc aacaaagggt aaatttgcat attttccatt tagttgggga 60 ccaagaatat gtgttggact gaattttgca atgttagagg caaaaatggc acttgcattg 120 attctacaac actatgcttt tgagctctct ccatcttatg cacatgctcc tcatacaatt 180 atcactctgc aacctcaaca tggtgctcct ttgattttgc gcaagctgta gcgcggatat 240 attgattggt tatctactgt aggttactaa aacatatatc atgttttttg gtcgtagaac 300 cttctatctt tct 313 140 76 PRT Nicotiana 140 Ser Glu Gly Val Asn Lys Ala Thr Lys Gly Lys Phe Ala Tyr Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Trp Gly Pro Arg Ile Cys Val Gly Leu Asn Phe Ala Met Leu 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Met Ala Leu Ala Leu Ile Leu Gln His Tyr Ala Phe Glu 35 40 45 Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Ala His Ala Pro His Thr Ile Ile Thr Leu Gln 50 55 60 Pro Gln His Gly Ala Pro Leu Ile Leu Arg Lys Leu 65 70 75 141 358 DNA Nicotiana 141 acagaggaga ggcaagagga acgggtttac aagaagaatt atctagcatt tggagctggg 60 ccccatggat gtgtgggaca gaggtatgct ataaaccatt tgatgctctt tattgcgttg 120 ttcacggctc tgattgattt caagaggcac aaaacggacg gctgtgatga tatcgcgtat 180 attccaacca ttgctccaaa ggatgattgt aaagtgttcc tttcacagag gtgcactcga 240 ttcccatctt tttcatgaac taattgcacc ttttatttaa ttctgatcct caaattggtc 300 ccattggacc atggatgtaa taggaccaat tgcaagaatg gggtccaatg tatttgtt 358 142 85 PRT Nicotiana 142 Thr Glu Glu Arg Gln Glu Glu Arg Val Tyr Lys Lys Asn Tyr Leu Ala 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Pro His Gly Cys Val Gly Gln Arg Tyr Ala Ile Asn 20 25 30 His Leu Met Leu Phe Ile Ala Leu Phe Thr Ala Leu Ile Asp Phe Lys 35 40 45 Arg His Lys Thr Asp Gly Cys Asp Asp Ile Ala Tyr Ile Pro Thr Ile 50 55 60 Ala Pro Lys Asp Asp Cys Lys Val Phe Leu Ser Gln Arg Cys Thr Arg 65 70 75 80 Phe Pro Ser Phe Ser 85 143 502 DNA Nicotiana 143 catgaaaagt ccatagatgt taaaggacat gattatgagc ttttgccatt tggagcgggg 60 agaagaatgt gcccgggtta tagcttgggg ctcaaggtga ttcaagctag cttagctaat 120 cttctacatg gatttaactg gtcattgcct gataatatga ctcctgagga cctcaacatg 180 gatgagattt ttgggctctc tacacctaaa aaatttccac ttgctactgt gattgagcca 240 agactttcac caaaacttta ctctgtttga ttcagcagtt ctatggttcc gtcaagatag 300 actttgttac gtttgaacct gtgctctaaa tcttttgtaa tggtatcgtc tacttatcca 360 acttaaatct tgtatctttt tctttgcttg aaagtggttt taatagtgaa cacacaagta 420 tttatgtatg tatgttataa tgcagttata ttttcagaaa taataacatt acagtgttgt 480 gtttgttcaa aaaaaaaaaa aa 502 144 89 PRT Nicotiana 144 His Glu Lys Ser Ile Asp Val Lys Gly His Asp Tyr Glu Leu Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Gly Arg Arg Met Cys Pro Gly Tyr Ser Leu Gly Leu Lys 20 25 30 Val Ile Gln Ala Ser Leu Ala Asn Leu Leu His Gly Phe Asn Trp Ser 35 40 45 Leu Pro Asp Asn Met Thr Pro Glu Asp Leu Asn Met Asp Glu Ile Phe 50 55 60 Gly Leu Ser Thr Pro Lys Lys Phe Pro Leu Ala Thr Val Ile Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Arg Leu Ser Pro Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val 85 145 298 DNA Nicotiana 145 atcgctggtg atattggctt ccgtggtcac cactatgagt ttatcccatt tggttctgga 60 agacgatctt gtccggggat gacttatgca ttgcaagtgg aacacctaac aatggcacat 120 ttaatccagg gtttcaatta caaaactcca aatgacgagg ccttggatat gaaggaaggt 180 gcaggcataa caatacgtaa ggtaaatcca gtggaattga taataacgcc tcgcttggca 240 cctgagcttt actaaaacct aagatctttc atcttggttg atcattgttt aatactcc 298 146 84 PRT Nicotiana 146 Ile Ala Gly Asp Ile Gly Phe Arg Gly His His Tyr Glu Phe Ile Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ser Gly Arg Arg Ser Cys Pro Gly Met Thr Tyr Ala Leu Gln 20 25 30 Val Glu His Leu Thr Met Ala His Leu Ile Gln Gly Phe Asn Tyr Lys 35 40 45 Thr Pro Asn Asp Glu Ala Leu Asp Met Lys Glu Gly Ala Gly Ile Thr 50 55 60 Ile Arg Lys Val Asn Pro Val Glu Leu Ile Ile Thr Pro Arg Leu Ala 65 70 75 80 Pro Glu Leu Tyr 147 474 DNA Nicotiana 147 atggagggat cagataaaga aggtttcgat ataacaggaa gtagagagat caagatgatg 60 ccatttggcg ctggtaggag aatatgccca ggctatgctt tggctatgct tcatttagag 120 tactttgtgg ctaatttggt ttggcatttt cgatgggagg ctgtggaggg agatgatgtt 180 gatctttcag aaaagctaga attcaccgtt gtgatgaaga atccacttcg agctcgtatc 240 tgccccagag ttaactctat ttgaatttgg taattactag ttctttctat ttgcattgtt 300 ccctgttgat ggacttcccc catatagtac tggaagttag agggagaatg attattaatg 360 ccttgctgca atattagctt agtagttagt agtgaatata attgaaactg gatatttcta 420 tcttatgtgt tgtacatttg gttcattgca aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa 474 148 87 PRT Nicotiana 148 Met Glu Gly Ser Asp Lys Glu Gly Phe Asp Ile Thr Gly Ser Arg Glu 1 5 10 15 Ile Lys Met Met Pro Phe Gly Ala Gly Arg Arg Ile Cys Pro Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Leu Ala Met Leu His Leu Glu Tyr Phe Val Ala Asn Leu Val Trp 35 40 45 His Phe Arg Trp Glu Ala Val Glu Gly Asp Asp Val Asp Leu Ser Glu 50 55 60 Lys Leu Glu Phe Thr Val Val Met Lys Asn Pro Leu Arg Ala Arg Ile 65 70 75 80 Cys Pro Arg Val Asn Ser Ile 85 149 280 DNA Nicotiana 149 gaaggtgtgc aggccgaatc atggaagcta ttgccatttg gaatgggaag gagagcgtgc 60 ccaggttctg gacttgctca atgtgtggtt ggtttagctt tagcaactct agtgcagtgt 120 tttgagtgga aaagggtaag cgaagaggtg gttgatttga cggaaggaaa aggtctcact 180 atgccaaaac ccgagccact catggctagg tgcgaagctc gtgacatttt tcacaaagtt 240 ctttcagaaa tatcttaatg ttttgggagt ctgaattaat 280 150 85 PRT Nicotiana 150 Glu Gly Val Gln Ala Glu Ser Trp Lys Leu Leu Pro Phe Gly Met Gly 1 5 10 15 Arg Arg Ala Cys Pro Gly Ser Gly Leu Ala Gln Cys Val Val Gly Leu 20 25 30 Ala Leu Ala Thr Leu Val Gln Cys Phe Glu Trp Lys Arg Val Ser Glu 35 40 45 Glu Val Val Asp Leu Thr Glu Gly Lys Gly Leu Thr Met Pro Lys Pro 50 55 60 Glu Pro Leu Met Ala Arg Cys Glu Ala Arg Asp Ile Phe His Lys Val 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Glu Ile Ser 85 151 383 DNA Nicotiana 151 aatacttctg ttgatcttac aggaaatcac tatcagttca ttcctttcgg ttcaggaaga 60 agaatgtgtc caggaatgtc gtttggttta gttaacacag ggcatccttt agcccagttg 120 ctctattgct ttgactggaa actccctgac aaggttaatg caaatgattt tcgcactact 180 gaaacaagta gagtttttgc agcaagcaaa gatgacctct acttgattcc cacaaatcac 240 agggagcaag aatagcttaa tttaatggag ttcttggaag aattaaagaa gaagggctat 300 ataggtgaga ttttttgtat ggttgcaagg tttttagttc atacaataag acaatacatt 360 atattccaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa 383 152 84 PRT Nicotiana 152 Asn Thr Ser Val Asp Leu Thr Gly Asn His Tyr Gln Phe Ile Pro Phe 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Gly Arg Arg Met Cys Pro Gly Met Ser Phe Gly Leu Val Asn 20 25 30 Thr Gly His Pro Leu Ala Gln Leu Leu Tyr Cys Phe Asp Trp Lys Leu 35 40 45 Pro Asp Lys Val Asn Ala Asn Asp Phe Arg Thr Thr Glu Thr Ser Arg 50 55 60 Val Phe Ala Ala Ser Lys Asp Asp Leu Tyr Leu Ile Pro Thr Asn His 65 70 75 80 Arg Glu Gln Glu 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule, wherein said nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ. ID. 13, 15, 17,19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, or
 151. 2. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, wherein said nucleic acid molecule comprises a fragment of a cytochrome P450 gene.
 3. An isolated nucleic acid molecule, wherein said nucleic acid molecule has at least 80% identity to the nucleic acid molecule of claim
 1. 4. An isolated nucleic acid molecule, wherein said nucleic acid molecule has at least 90% identity to the nucleic acid molecule of claim
 1. 5. An isolated nucleic acid molecule, wherein said nucleic acid molecule has at least 95% identity to the nucleic acid molecule of claim
 1. 6. An isolated nucleic acid molecule, wherein said nucleic acid molecule has at least 98% identity to the nucleic acid molecule of claim
 1. 7. A transgenic plant, wherein said transgenic plant comprises the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or
 6. 8. The transgenic plant of claim 7, wherein said plant is a tobacco plant.
 9. A method of producing a transgenic plant, said method comprising the steps of: (i) operably linking the nucleic acid molecule of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, with a promoter functional in said plant to create a plant transformation vector; and (ii) transforming said plant with said,plant transformation vector of step (i); (iii) selecting a plant cell transformed with said transformation vector; and (iv) regenerating a plant from said plant cell of step (iii).
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said nucleic acid molecule is in an antisense orientation.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein said nucleic acid molecule is in a sense orientation.
 12. The method of claim 9 wherein said nucleic acid is in a RNA interference orientation.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said nucleic acid molecule is expressed as a double stranded RNA molecule.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein said double stranded RNA molecule is about 15 to 25 nucleotide in length.
 15. The method of claim 9, wherein said plant is a tobacco plant.
 16. A method of selecting a plant containing a nucleic acid molecule, wherein said plant is analyzed for the presence of nucleic acid sequence, wherein said nucleic sequence acid selected from the group consisting of SEQ. ID 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, or
 151. 17. The method of selecting a plant of claim 16, wherein said plant is analyzed by DNA hybridization.
 18. The method of selecting a plant of claim 16, wherein said plant is analyzed by PCR detection.
 19. The method of claim 16, wherein said DNA hybridization comprises a nucleic acid probe, said nucleic acid probe is selected from a group consisting of SEQ. ID. 13, 15, 17,19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, or
 151. 20. The method of selecting a plant of claim 16, wherein said plant is a transgenic plant.
 21. The method of selecting a plant of claim 16, wherein said plant is selected from a mutagenesis population.
 22. The method of selecting a plant of claim 16, wherein said plant is selected from a breeding population. 